Women's perspectives, attitudes of health care practitioners, and clinical environment need to be considered if change is to happen in women's preventive behavior related to Pap test screening.

The coexistence of diabetes and depression occurs frequently among young and middle-age women. Unless one is resourceful, simultaneous management of the symptoms of both conditions is especially challenging. Skills constituting resourcefulness are learned throughout life and are important for the optimal performance of daily activities. Little is known about specific factors that influence resourcefulness. In this study contextual factors (diabetic and depressive symptoms) and cognitive factors (positive cognitions and acceptance of diabetes) were examined as antecedents of learned resourcefulness in 82 women with type 2 diabetes. Regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms and positive cognitions were significant antecedents of learned resourcefulness: Positive cognitions mediated the effects of depressive symptoms on learned resourcefulness. The findings suggest the need for interventions thatfocus on development of positive cognitions to better promote resourcefulness in women with type 2 diabetes who are at risk for depression.

Children need to develop appropriate cognitive-behavioral repertoires to maintain mental health and prevent depression. Resourcefulness is learned throughout life in the context of one's environment. However, environmental or situational factors and individual factors in children's development of resourcefulness have not been studied. This study examined the effects of the situational factors of family context (one or two parents, and number of siblings) and maternal characteristics (employment, learned resourcefulness, and adaptive functioning), and individual (child) factors (gender, academic performance, and automatic thoughts) on learned resourcefulness in school-aged children. A convenience sample of 122 fifth and sixth graders was recruited from four public schools. The child's automatic thoughts and maternal resourcefulness were predictors of child's resourcefulness. Further research is needed to examine additional factors that may promote resourcefulness in school-aged children, so that appropriate nursing strategies can be implemented.

Depression is prevalent in young and middle-aged diabetic women. Although cognitive depressive symptoms precede the development of depression, there is no screening instrument to measure these symptoms in diabetic patients. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Depressive Cognition Scale (DCS) in a convenience sample of 83 women with Type 2 diabetes. Alpha coefficient for the 8-item scale was .85, and the average inter-item correlation coefficient was .42. Construct validity was supported by correlations in the expected directions between the DCS and measures of learned resourcefulness, depressive symptoms, and health practices. Factor analysis presented a single dimension of 8 items. These findings suggest that the DSC will be useful in identifying patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes who are at risk for the development of clinical depression.

Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) occurs mainly through dietary intake. Due to current lifestyle trends, young people tend to consume fast food, to use disposable products, and to utilize convenient household items, all of which are major sources of EDCs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels throughout three menstrual cycles in female college students who experienced severe menstrual pain. We also analyzed participants’ adherence to the intervention and examined whether their level of adherence was associated with differences in the effects of the intervention. Methods A single-group pretest and repeated posttest experimental design was employed. Thirty female college students with a score of 5 or higher on a menstrual pain scale were recruited through convenience sampling. During three menstrual cycles, menstrual pain was scored on a 10-point scale after each cycle, and urinary BPA levels were measured from the first morning urine collected after each cycle. The intervention involved three components: small-group education, follow-up monitoring, and peer support via social network communication. Statistical analyses were conducted using Friedman one-way repeated-measure analysis of variance by ranks, non-parametric two-way analysis of variance, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post-hoc test. Results The dietary modification intervention had significant effects on menstrual pain at all three time points of menstrual cycles (χ2 = 119.64, p = 0.000) and on urinary BPA levels until the 2nd menstrual cycle (χ2 = 205.42, p = 0.000). Slightly fewer than half (43.3%) of the participants were highly adherent. Menstrual pain differed according to adherence level (F = 4.67, p = 0.032) and decreased over time through the third cycle post-intervention (F = 18.30, p = 0.000). Urinary BPA levels also decreased significantly (F = 7.94, p = 0.000), but did not differ according to adherence level. Conclusions The dietary modification intervention was effective and sustainable for reducing menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels. Detailed information about EDCs and dietary experiences seemed to encourage the young women to become more concerned about EDCs and to perform self-protective actions. Further experimental research is suggested to examine the relationships of EDCs with various health indicators in women. Trial registration: KCT0005472 at 2020-9-24 retrospectively registered.

Paired t-test showed significant changes in scores of maternal-fetal attachment (t=6.91. p<.001) and self-efficacy related to childbirth (t=10.19, p<.001). Taegyo opens the possibility of integrating Western ideas with Korean traditional health behavior. Incorporation of Taegyo into existing prenatal classes is recommended.

Health care practitioners should be sensitive to the cultural traditions and values that couples with breast cancer hold. After training nurse interventionists, educational counseling interventions should be launched, so as to empower the dyads.

More than one fourth of the millions of Americans with Type 2 diabetes experience depression, of which two thirds are women. Unless the individual is resourceful, coexisting diabetes and depression adversely affect one' health practices. The effects of diabetic and depressive symptoms on health practices and the mediating and moderating role of learned resourcefulness in this relationship were examined in 90 women with Type 2 diabetes. Regression analyses showed direct negative effects of diabetic and depressive symptoms on health practices. The effects of depressive, but not diabetic, symptoms were partially mediated by resourcefulness; no moderating effects were found. The results suggest the need to test interventions to minimize symptoms associated with diabetes, particularly depression. Teaching resourcefulness to Type 2 diabetic women may promote their positive health practices by minimizing their depression.