Effective Immune Functions of Micronutrients against SARS-CoV-2

Junaid, Kashaf; Ejaz, Hasan; Abdalla, Abualgasim Elgaili; Abosalif, Khalid Omer Abdalla; Ullah, Muhammad Ikram; Yasmeen, Humaira; Younas, Sonia; Hamam, Sanaa S.; Rehman, Abdul

doi:10.3390/nu12102992

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…In particular, in Kurdistan is a place where the majority of the fruits and vegetables are imported products and border closing with neighboring countries made it difficult to be available. This could have negative effect on consumption of immune supporting micronutrients intake and overall well‐being (Junaid et al., 2020). However, the majority of the participants moderately adhered to Mediterranean diet as a healthy and recommended diet for COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID‐19 confinement on the eating habits and lifestyle changes: A cross sectional study

Galali

2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China causing severe respiratory infections and resulting in millions admissions to hospital and over a million deaths worldwide. Authorities imposed protective measures including confinement to flatten curves of casualties resulted in sudden lifestyle and eating habit changes. The objectives of this study were to observe the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on eating behavior and lifestyle of the Kurdish population in Iraqi Kurdistan. A structured cross‐sectional study was conducted from 1st to 14th of June when the lockdown finished with three different sections. Section one (6 questions) included socio‐demographic information section two (11 questions) composed of dietary behavior information including a) Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence using 14‐scaled items with a MD screener tool ranging from 0 to 14 b) and sections three (12 questions) composed of lifestyle habit changes such as physical activity, sleeping behavior, and smoking habit. The total number of included respondents was 2,137. The results showed that 12.0% (256) of participants stated that their lifestyle was improved, whereas 50.9% (1,087) declared their lifestyle deteriorated. In particular, the frequency of physical activity was decreased (McNemar value = 60.53, p <.001) and sleeping hours were significantly increased during lockdown (McNemar value = 447.93, p <.001). Regarding eating habits, it was noticed that 29.3% and 14.3% felt that appetite increased and decreased, respectively. The appetite change during lockdown was significantly associated with age ( p =.0001), gender ( p =.001), city ( p =.007), and BMI ( p =.001). Similarly, 32.4% reported weight gain. In conclusion, this study is among the earliest studies showing the effect of COVID‐19 on eating behavior and lifestyle changes. COVID‐19 confinement had a significant effect on lifestyle particularly reducing physical activity and changing eating habits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID‐19 confinement on the eating habits and lifestyle changes: A cross sectional study

Galali

2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…258 In support of that, several studies across the world advocated the importance of a balanced diet with relevant nutrients and trace elements as an extenuation approach to build robust immune physiology to fight back the COVID-19 pandemic. 254,268,[278][279][280] Conclusion COVID-19 is a formidable challenge to the entire current world as there is no specified antiviral treatment possibility to date, thereby, preventive and control measures, or potent medicine available to fight the disease back. The host immune system plays pivotal roles against COVID-19 disease progression, similar to many other viral infections.…”

Section: Role Of Micronutrients Vitamins and Other Trace Elements Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic

Samad¹,

Sodunke²,

Abubakar³

et al. 2021

JIR

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The global pandemic from COVID-19 infection has generated significant public health concerns, both health-wise and economically. There is no specific pharmacological antiviral therapeutic option to date available for COVID-19 management. Also, there is an urgent need to discover effective medicines, prevention, and control methods because of the harsh death toll from this novel coronavirus infection. Acute respiratory tract infections, significantly lower respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia are the primary cause of millions of deaths worldwide. The role of micronutrients, including trace elements, boosted the human immune system and was well established. Several vitamins such as vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; microelement including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; omega-3 fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plays essential physiological roles in promoting the immune system. Furthermore, zinc is an indispensable microelement essential for a thorough enzymatic physiological process. It also helps regulate gene-transcription such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, cell division, and cell activation in the human biological system. Subsequently, zinc, together with natural scavenger cells and neutrophils, are also involved in developing cells responsible for regulating nonspecific immunity. The modern food habit often promotes zinc deficiency; as such, quite a few COVID-19 patients presented to hospitals were frequently diagnosed as zinc deficient. Earlier studies documented that zinc deficiency predisposes patients to a viral infection such as herpes simplex, common cold, hepatitis C, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of reducing antiviral immunity. This manuscript aimed to discuss the various roles played by zinc in the management of COVID-19 infection.

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“…A proper functioning of the human immune system is absolutely key to prevent the infections caused by a number of respiratory viruses (Calder et al, 2020a; Jayawardena et al, 2020 ). Among the factors that can significantly influence the role of the immune system to fight against these viruses – including SARS-CoV-2 – there is a notable influence of nutritional and nutrigenetic factors, including nutraceuticals ( Caccialanza et al, 2020 ; Calder 2020b; Di Stadio et al, 2020 ; Galmés et al, 2020 ; Jayawardena et al, 2020 ; Junaid et al, 2020 ; Iddir et al, 2020 ; Im et al, 2020 ). In relation to this, the European Safety Authority (EFSA) reported that six vitamins (A, B 6 , B 12 , C, D and folate), as well as four trace elements (zinc, selenium, copper and iron), were essential for the proper functioning of the immune system.…”

Section: Metals/metalloids the Immune System And Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review

Domingo

Marquès

2021

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Thousands of studies have been conducted in order to understand in depth the characteristics of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, its infectivity and ways of transmission, and very especially everything related to the clinical and severity of the COVID-19, as well as the potential treatments. In this sense, the role that essential and toxic metals/metalloids have in the development and course of this disease is being studied. Metals/metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury or vanadium, are elements with known toxic effects in mammals, while trace elements such as cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc are considered essential. Given the importance of metals/metalloids in nutrition and human health, the present review was aimed at assessing the relationship between various essential and toxic metals/metalloids and the health outcomes related with the COVID-19. We are in the position to conclude that particular attention must be paid to the load/levels of essential trace elements in COVID-19 patients, mainly zinc and selenium. On the other hand, the exposure to air pollutants in general, and toxic metal/metalloids in particular, should be avoided as much as possible to reduce the possibilities of viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.

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Effective Immune Functions of Micronutrients against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 57 publications

References 109 publications

The impact of COVID‐19 confinement on the eating habits and lifestyle changes: A cross sectional study

The impact of COVID‐19 confinement on the eating habits and lifestyle changes: A cross sectional study

The Implications of Zinc Therapy in Combating the COVID-19 Global Pandemic

The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review

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