“…Addition of chromium ions under a hydrogen atmosphere apparently increases the conductivity, 32 and the electrochemical performance. 33 Incorporation of dopant ions at very high temperatures, or under reducing atmospheres, apparently leads to the reduction of the surface of the LiFePO 4 particles with the formation of conducting iron phosphides. 34 Addition of magnesium or titanium resulted in poorer electrochemical performance, perhaps because of occupancy of the lithium sites, but the type of carbon deposited on the surface is important, with sp 2 (graphitic) being superior to sp 3 carbon.…”