Synthesis and performance of high tap density LiFePO4/C cathode materials doped with copper ions

A novel preparation route for multi-doped LiFePO4/C from spent electroless nickel plating solution

“…Tremendous efforts have been made to overcome the inherent limitations of LiFePO 4 , such as carbon coating [2][3][4], particle size reducing [5][6][7], and ion doping. Especially various ion dopings were focused, including single element doping of Mg, Al, Zr, Ni, Co, Mo, Na, Mn, Zn, Nd, Nb, Rh, Cu, V, Ti, Sn, F [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], two elements co-doping of Ni-Mn, Mg-Ti, Mg-F, Na-Ti, Na-Cl [22][23][24][25][26], and multi-doping of Zn-Mn-Ca, Mn-V-Cr, Mg-Al-Zn-Mn [27][28][29]. The promoting effect was attributed to the improved intrinsic electronic conductivity and the increased lithium ion diffusion coefficient in doped LiFePO 4 particles.…”

“…The promoting effect was attributed to the improved intrinsic electronic conductivity and the increased lithium ion diffusion coefficient in doped LiFePO 4 particles. Up to now, it is universally recognized that the best improvement of electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 is realized by synergistic reaction of the said three methods [10][11][12][13]30,31].…”

LiFePO4/C composite cathode material with a continuous porous carbon network for high power lithium-ion battery

“…Besides, Li + ion motion in the olivine crystal structure occurs through one-dimensional channels, which are susceptible to blockage by defects and impurities [15][16][17]. Considerable efforts in improving the rate capability of LiFePO 4 have focused on strategies as follows: (1) improving the electronic and lithium ionic conductivity by doping aliovalent cations on the Li + or Fe 2+ sites [18][19][20], (2) enhancing the electronic conductivity by carbon coating or conductive polymer coating [21][22][23], and (3) reducing the diffusion distance of Li + by preparing nanosized LiFePO 4 materials [24][25][26].…”

Reality and Future of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

“…Furthermore, it can provide a protective layer on the surface of graphite that prevents further reaction [109]. However, a pure EC-based electrolyte was not used because of its high freezing point (35)(36)(37)(38) o C), which is not compatible with practical application. DMC, commonly known as a thinning solvent, is used with EC to reduce the viscosity.…”