Effect ofMelia azedarach fruit extract on juvenile hormone titer and protein content in the hemolymph of two species of noctuid lepidopteran larvae [insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]

Methanolic extract of Artemisia annua L. were evaluated on growth and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions (24±1°C, 75±5% RH and 16 L : 8 D). Feeding deterrence index was evaluated by a choice test method on < 24 h fifth instar larvae with 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 percent of the extract. The result indicated that increasing the concentration resulted in higher deterrence. The extract retarded larval growth significantly (EC 50 = 3.63%) and also showed significant effects on the relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), approximate digestibility (AD) and consumption index (CI). Lipid, protein and carbohydrate in treated insects were significantly reduced compared to the controls. Hence, methanol extract of A. annua could be considered as a strong deterrent which also affects the biochemical metabolism of the target pest. Methanol extract of A. annua has the potential for development as a botanical insecticide.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of Artemisia Annua L. On Deterrence and Nutritional Efficiency Of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid (Glyphodes Pylolais Walker) (lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Khosravi¹,

Sendi²,

Ghadamyari³

2010

“…Infact, administration of fruit extracts of the M. azedarach plant significantly increased the juvenile hormone titre as compared to that of control in lepidopterans, S. littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon resulting in the prolongation of larval life and larvalpupal intermediates. It has been concluded that M. azedarach fruit extract exerts a neuroendocrine control (Schmidt et al 1998). Thus, the presence of a high titre of JH at an inappropriate time when it is not desired in the insect system may switch off the larval-pupal programme of differentiation (Riddiford et al 2003;Wilson 2004) leading to the formation of nonviable intermediate forms (Bowers 1971;Dhadialla et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withania somnifera acts as a potential insect growth regulator in the polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini

Gaur¹,

Kumar²

2018

Both seed and root extracts of the medicinal plant, Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera exhibit insect growth regulatory activity against the polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini. Topical administration of W. somnifera seed and root extracts to last instar larvae of P. ricini disrupted moulting and metamorphosis, leading to a number of developmental abnormalities such as delay in larval-pupal and pupal-adult ecdysis, formation of larval-pupal, pupal--adult and larval-pupal-adult mosaics/chimeras, ecdysial failure, suppression of pupation and adult emergence and formation of abnormal pupae and adultoids. The treatment with seed extracts was more severe than that of root extracts as it completely suppressed the pupation and adult emergence. The results clearly suggest that the medicinal plant, W. somnifera acts as a potential insect growth regulatory (IGR) disrupting the moulting and metamorphosis as a consequence of interference with the endocrine system.

“…Etebari et al (2005) showed that insecticide decreased the protein amount of an insect's body. Schmidt et al (1998) observed that treatment of Spodoptera littoralis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Agrotis ipsilon Stroll (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with azadirachtin, decreased hemolymph proteins. This phenomenon could be due to the break-down of proteins into their respective amino acids, that could help to provide energy for the insect to survive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Artemisia annua L. essential oil on toxicity, enzyme activities, and energy reserves of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Mojarab-Mahboubkar¹,

Sendi²,

Aliakbar³

2015

Abstract:The essential oil of Artemisia annua L., a weed collected from northern Iran, was studied for its toxicity and physiological aspects on 4th instar larva of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner in controlled conditions (26±1°C, 65±10% RH and 16 L :: 8 D h). The artificial diet was used as a medium for investigating the toxicity and the effect of LC 10 , LC 30 , LC 50 , and LC 90 on the feeding efficiency of 4th instar larva. The essential oil in doses of LC 10 , LC 30 , LC 50 , and LC 90 were estimated to be 2.01%, 3.86%, 6.07%, and 18.34%, respectively. The activity of α-amylase, protease, lipase, general esterases, and glutathione S-transferase and protein, triglyceride, glucose for treated larva were measured. The results showed that all of these parameters were decreased compared with the control. Hence, A. annua essential oil is suggested as a botanical for controlling this important pest of field crops.