Effect of Artemisia Annua L. On Deterrence and Nutritional Efficiency Of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid (Glyphodes Pylolais Walker) (lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

Methanolic extract of Artemisia annua L. were evaluated on growth and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions (24±1°C, 75±5% RH and 16 L : 8 D). Feeding deterrence index was evaluated by a choice test method on < 24 h fifth instar larvae with 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 percent of the extract. The result indicated that increasing the concentration resulted in higher deterrence. The extract retarded larval growth significantly (EC 50 = 3.63%) and also showed significant effects on the relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), approximate digestibility (AD) and consumption index (CI). Lipid, protein and carbohydrate in treated insects were significantly reduced compared to the controls. Hence, methanol extract of A. annua could be considered as a strong deterrent which also affects the biochemical metabolism of the target pest. Methanol extract of A. annua has the potential for development as a botanical insecticide.

Effect of Artemisia annua L. essential oil on toxicity, enzyme activities, and energy reserves of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…In the present study, the activity of GST in larvae with the studied essential oil, decreased, compared to the control. Our results are different from the results obtained in other studies (Vanhaelen et al 2001;Dugravot et al 2004;Khosravi et al 2010;Zibaee and Bandani 2010b). In our study, the general esterase activity decreased in the H. armigera larva with the essential oil which we used.…”

“…Also glucose depletion may be due to stress conditions imposed on these insects that need more energy, so the glucose was metabolized to meet the energy expense. Similar results were observed by Khosravi et al (2010) in G. pyloalis larva treated with A. annua extract, and by Seyoum et al (2002) in desert locust.…”

“…Mehrabadi et al (2010) suggested that when the action of the enzyme is inhibited, nutrition of the organism is impaired -causing a shortness in energy. This suggestion is supported by Saleem and Shakoori (1987), Lee et al (1994), Effect of Artemisia annua L. essential oil on toxicity, enzyme activities, and energy reserves of cotton bollworm… 375 Shekari et al (2008), Khosravi et al (2010), andValizadeh et al (2013). Proteases are important in digesting food and converting protein into amino acids needed for the body.…”

“…Several studies have reported insecticidal effects of A. annua extract containing growth retardation, antifeedant, and larvicidal effects (Haghighian et al 2008;Shekari et al 2008;Hasheminia et al 2011). Khosravi et al (2010) observed that A. annua extract affected the nutritional indices and also showed antifeedant activities on Glyphodes pyloalis Walker. Anshul et al (2013Anshul et al ( , 2014Anshul et al ( , 2015 showed that methanolic extract of powdered A. annua leaves adversely affect H. armigera.…”

Antifeedant activity and toxicity of some plant essential oils to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

“…Liu and Ho (1999), Zapata et al (2009), andPavela et al (2009) also reported a reduction in feeding indices after treatment of their respective insects with plant extracts or essential oils. Lower RGR, RCR, and ECI probably lead to larval growth retardation and formation of smaller pupa, which results in reduced fecundity and longevity of the adult insect and makes them susceptible to diseases and natural enemies (Khosravi et al 2010). Also, reductions of nutritional indices of the 5 th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) induced by Reynoutria sp.…”