Effect of Zingiber Officinale on paracetamol-induced genotoxicity in male rats

Abstract

The mutagenic effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in male rat using in vivo mutagenicity tests, chromosomal aberrations of somatic and germ cells, molecular assay and biochemical were studied. Paracetamol genotoxicity on normal divided cells has been reported. The data obtained showed that the ability of paracetamol to bind and interact with genetic material lead to changes in chromosomal behavior and structure during mitosis. The significant increase in chromosomal aberration, the changes in the number, position and intensity of bands, liver and renal damages induced by paracetamol may be attributed to the fact that paracetamol can induce genotoxicity through DNA damage. Paracetamol also stimulated AST and ALT activity, these stimulations indicated liver cell necrosis. Paracetamol-induced acute renal damage by the elevations in blood urea, uric acid and creatinine levels. Paracetamol showed abnormal values of protein profile in blood. The treatments with ginger presented hepatoprotective effect, also ginger can protect against oxidative kidneys tissue damage that reduced lipid peroxiation in liver and kidneys. The possible mechanism by which ginger exhibited significant protection against paracetamol-induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidant effect. It may also be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity and attainment of normal frequencies of chromosomal aberration in ginger-treated rats. Thus, the present study indicated that the genotoxicity products at low concentration and for long time treatment showed the hazard of paracetamol addiction on human's life.

Cardioprotective Effects of Rutin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Acetaminophen Induced Cardiac Enzymatic Damage in Rats

“…every 72h for 21 days and left without any treatment for 30 and 60 days as compared to NC group. Similar findings were achieved by [2,28,29,27]. The increase in cystolic LDH activity by PARA may be because of the intracellular collection of Ca 2+ , which results in initiation of phosphofructo-kinase and anaerobic glycolysis prompting lactate formation [29].…”

Testing of acetaminophen in support of the international multilaboratory in vivo rat Pig‐a assay validation trial

“…Regulatory and peer reviewed published data support that acetaminophen is nonmutagenic (as previously concluded from bacteria, in vitro mammalian cell, and in vivo transgenic rat assays) and noncarcinogenic (NTP, 1993; Bergman et al ., 1996). The data suggest that acetaminophen has the potential to cause chromosomal damage at cytotoxic concentrations (Sasaki et al ., 1983; Müller et al ., 1991; Müller and Kasper, 1995; Bergman et al ., 1996; Arun and Rabeeth, 2010; Salah et al ., 2012). The potential for acetaminophen to cause chromosomal damage is observed following liver toxicity, which is a prominent observation in rats treated with greater than 500 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 (Venkatesan et al ., 2014).…”

“…This trial was completed with the support of data on acetaminophen described in this paper (listed in Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic used to temporarily relieve pain and fever either alone or as an active ingredient in hundreds of over-the-counter and prescription medicines. Since acetaminophen was initially approved by the FDA in 1951 and was first marketed in the United States in 1953, it has been extensively evaluated for genotoxicity using both in vitro and in vivo assays with a variety of endpoints (IARC, 1990;NTP, 1993;Müller and Kasper, 1995;Bergman et al, 1996;Hantson et al, 1996;IARC, 1999;Matsushima et al, 1999;Oshida et al, 2008;Arun and Rabeeth, 2010;Salah et al, 2012). Regulatory and peer reviewed published data support that acetaminophen is nonmutagenic (as previously concluded from bacteria, in vitro mammalian cell, and in vivo transgenic rat assays) and noncarcinogenic (NTP, 1993;Bergman et al, 1996).…”

Genotoxic property of poly herbal formulation of annona squomosa, zingiber officinalis and triticum aestivum plant extracts by in vitro chromosomal aberration test

“…The studies carried out in Annona squamosa, Zingiber Of icinalis, and Triticum Aestivum individually attributes to the study carried out. Polyherbal formulations were also studied for their improved action as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, cellulite, and genotoxicity evaluations (Srivastava et al, 2012;Parasuraman et al, 2010;Yimam et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2018;Salah et al, 2012). Natural anti-cancer compound Zerumbone of ginger were tested on CHO cell lines for their genotoxic potentials (Al-Zubairi, 2012), inhibited the colon and lung carcinogenesis in mice (Kim et al, 2009), inhibited cellular growth and moderate factors of angiogenic ovarian cancer cells (Rhode et al, 2007).…”

“…This synnergic concept leads to the development of new polyherbal formulations. Annona squamosa, Zingiber Of icinalis, and Triticum Aestivum were proven their ef icacy as antimitoc, reduced chromosomal aberrations, and other genotoxic effects individually (Suresh et al, 1970;Salah et al, 2012;Jităreanu et al, 2013). Chromosomal aberrations are due to genotoxic effects in relation to the initiation and development of cancer cells (Chen et al, 2009;Scheutwinkel-Reich and Hude, 1984).…”