Effect of Zearalenone and Hormone Regulators on Microspore Embryogenesis in Anther Culture of Wheat

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of zearalenone (ZEN) and selected hormone regulators on the effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis in anther culture of wheat. The plant material comprised F1 hybrids of winter and spring wheat. Six combinations of media inducing microspore proliferation and formation of embryogenic structures were investigated: two combinations of growth regulators (D - 2,4-D + dicamba, K - 2,4-D + kinetin), each with three ZEN concentrations (0 mL/L, 0.1 mL/L, 0.2 mL/L). A significant increase in microspore embryogenesis effectiveness on media with the addition of ZEN was observed both at the stages of its induction and the formation of green plants in some genotypes. In case of both combinations of growth regulators, an increased concentration of ZEN resulted in more effective induction of microspore embryogenesis. The most effective induction medium was the D medium supplemented with 0.2 mL/L ZEN. As a result of the use of zearalenone together with two combinations of growth regulators, all genotypes tested produced androgenic structures, which indicates the breakdown of genotypic recalcitrant in the analysed hybrids. In addition, green plants were obtained from 18 out of 19 tested hybrids. The addition of ZEN to the medium did not affect the number of regenerated albino plants nor the number of spontaneous genome doublings proportion.

In vitro anther culture as efficiently applied technique for doubled haploid production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Most of the researchers, in their studies, e.g. Pauk et al (2003); Lantos et al (2013); Weigt et al (2016Weigt et al ( , 2019Weigt et al ( , 2020; Lazaridou et al (2016); Kanbar et al (2020aKanbar et al ( , 2020b, have used the field-grown donor plants that generate more tillers with large spikes, more anthers and microspores within anthers. This use has a positive effect on the androgenic number of embryo-like structures and green plantlets resulting in relatively high rates of doubled haploid plants for practical breeding programs and applied research.…”

“…In anther-and isolated microspore culture of wheat, the microspore embryogenic process was induced and tracked to examine the initial cell division and embryo formation of microspores (Indrianto et al, 2001;Datta, 2005;Dwivedi et al, 2015;Seldimirova et al, 2017;Niazian & Shariatpanahi, 2020). Depending on previous publications, most researchers isolated anthers that contain microspores at mid-to-late uninucleate stages (Soriano et al, 2007(Soriano et al, , 2008Broughton, 2008Broughton, , 2011Redha & Suleman, 2011;Rubtsova et al, 2013;Castillo et al, 2015;Weigt et al, 2016Weigt et al, , 2019Weigt et al, , 2020Lazaridou et al, 2016;Broughton et al, 2020;Orlowska et al, 2020). However, other researchers isolated anthers with microspores at early-and mid-uninucleate stage to induce androgenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture, e.g.…”

“…In vitro androgenesis of microspores can be induced through long cold pretreatment of donor tillers at 2-5°C, for 10-28 days) (Pauk et al, 2003;Lantos et al, 2013;Lantos & Pauk, 2016;Coelho et al, 2018;Kanbar et al, 2020aKanbar et al, , 2020b). Short cold pre-treatment at 4-6°C for 3-8 days can also be efficient for induction of androgenesis (Broughton 2008(Broughton , 2011Rubtsova et al, 2013;Weigt et al 2016Weigt et al , 2019Lazaridou et al, 2016). Lazaridou et al (2016) conducted a study using the wheat anther culture method to study the role of the D genome in the androgenic response and to investigate the interaction between the genotype and the pretreatments, which included 7 days of pre-treatment at 4°C, 18 days of pre-treatment at 4°C, and 0.3 M mannitol for 7 days at 4°C.…”

“…Previous studies showed that this synthetic hormone added to the induction medium behaved as a stress factor and had auxin-like effects (Fehér, 2005). Its favourable concentration in the induction medium was between 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L for this purpose (Weigt et al, 2019). Excessive concentrations, over 2.0 mg/L, caused loss of the embryo-like structures' ability to regenerate into plantlets because the stress hormones accumulated and hindered the further development of embryos (Zheng & Konzak, 1999).…”

“…In studies on wheat microspore embryogenesis, various growth hormones are included as stress factors in induction media, such as dicamba, kinetin, picloram (Chaudhary et al, 2003;Cistué et al, 2006), PAA (Ziauddin et al, 1992;Kim & Baenziger, 2005), and BAP (Cistué et al, 2006;Ponitka & Ślusarkiewicz-Jarzina, 2009). Zearalenone was also used in the induction medium as a stress factor for embryo-like structure induction; it had auxin-like effects (Szechyńska-Hebda et al, 2007;Weigt et al, 2019). Weigt et al (2019) used anther culture method to test the influence of zearalenone and hormone regulators on microspore embryogenesis in 13 F1 hybrids of winter wheat and six F1 hybrids of spring genotypes.…”