Effect of water restriction on lactation performance of Aardi goats under heat stress conditions

Alamer, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.06.009

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, in the present experiment, the reduction in FFI upon restricting FWI was proportionally much lower than the level of water restriction imposed. Similar moderate reduction in feed intake in proportion to considerable imposition of water restriction (33% and 67%) was found in breeds of tropical (Abioja et al, 2010) and desert goats (Alamer, 2009). In cows, with 50% drinking water restriction, the reduction in feed intake was 20% lower than that during when water was available ad libitum (Burgos et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Physiological and behavioral basis for the successful adaptation of goats to severe water restriction under hot environmental conditions

Kaliber

Koluman

Silanikove

2016

Animal

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Among domestic ruminants, goats are renowned for their ability to tolerate water deprivation, water restriction and energy restriction. However, some basic questions regarding their ability to endure water restriction under heat stress are still open. Three levels of water restriction (56%, 73% and 87% of the ad libitum) were imposed on 20 cross-bred 3-year-old female goats (75% German Fawn and 25% Hair Goat) distributed into four groups, with five animals per treatment. The experiment was conducted from the beginning of July to the end of August in a farm located in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey (40 m in altitude; 36 59' N, 35 18'E), in which subtropical weather conditions prevail. The average daily temperature during the experiment was 34.2°C, whereas the highest and lowest temperatures were 42°C and 23.1°C, respectively. The average relative humidity was 68.2% and wind speed was 1.2 km/h. Weekly average thermal heat indexes during the experiment were 78.3 (week 1), 79.1 (week 2), 80.1 (weak 3), 79.8 (weak 4), 81.3 (weak 5) and on average 79.7. Feed intake, heart rate, thermoregulatory responses (rectal temperature, respiration rate), blood plasma concentrations of ions (Na, K), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, creatinine and urea) and behavioral aspects (standing, walking, lying) were studied over 30 days. The responses to water restriction were proportional to the level of restriction. The reductions in feed intake (up to 13%), BW (up to 4.6%) and the increases in rectal temperature (0.5°C) and breath rate (10 respirations/min) were moderate and also were far from responses encountered under severe heat and water stresses. The increase in plasma Na (from 119 to 140 mM) and ADH concentrations (from 12.6 to 17.4 pg/ml) indicates that the physiological response to water restriction was in response to mild dehydration, which also explains the increase in blood plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine and urea. Behavioral responses (reduction in walking from 226 to 209 min/day and increase in lying from 417 to 457 min/day) were associated with conservation of energy or thermoregulation (reducing the exposure to direct radiation).Keywords: water restriction, heat stress, physiological response, adaptation, resilience ImplicationsThe goats used in the present study (a mix of 75% temperate breed with 25% local adapted breed) have shown remarkable capacity to endure significant water restriction for a long time. Water restriction endurance was associated with minimal disruption of plasma electrolyte and metabolite composition, thermoregulation and general well-being. The water-saving responses were activated in response to mild loss of body fluids and increase in plasma sodium concentration and ADH concentration. The results of this study help us understand the adaptation of goats to water restrictions and might be helpful for management purposes under conditions of water limitation, or as a technique to manipulate feed intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Physiological and behavioral basis for the successful adaptation of goats to severe water restriction under hot environmental conditions

Kaliber

Koluman

Silanikove

2016

Animal

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“…However, in our study, we used a temperate-adapted sheep breed, showing similar capabilities to withstand water shortages, indicating a higher degree of tolerance towards water restriction than so far assumed for this breed. Several water restriction studies pointed out that the body mass loss in ruminants associated with a reduction in water and feed intake is considerably influenced by environmental temperatures and body water loss (Silanikove, 1992;Alamer, 2006 and2009). Shkolnik et al (1980) found that during 4 days of water deprivation, black Bedouin goats lost 25% to 30% of their body mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water restriction on drinking behaviour and water intake in German black-head mutton sheep and Boer goats

Al-Ramamneh

Riek

Gerken

2012

Animal

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The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the physiological responses of sheep and goats to water restriction using the deuterium dilution technique (D 2 O) to predict the total water intake (TWI) in both species. In two consecutive trials, 10 non-lactating Boer goats and 10 non-lactating German black-head mutton ewes were each randomly allocated into a treatment and a control group. In the control groups (n 5 5, for each species), water was offered ad libitum, whereas the treatment groups (n 5 5, for each species) received water 3 h/day on experimental days 8 to 14 and 6 h every 2 days on experimental days 15 to 22. The respiratory rate, rectal temperature, body mass and drinking behaviour were also recorded. The TWI was estimated by D 2 O for each animal. Water restriction for 21 h/day or 42 h/2 days had no significant (P . 0.05) effect on water intake (WI), feed intake, WI to dry matter intake ratio or body mass in both species. The absence of differences between species in their WIs was also confirmed using D 2 O. However, sheep had higher respiratory rates and rectal temperatures than goats in both control and treatment groups. Both species showed the ability to tolerate a moderate water shortage by activating several physiological mechanisms and behavioural strategies.

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“…Despite the well-developed mechanisms of thermoregulation goats have adapted to, be it physiological or habitual, they are not always able to maintain homeothermy under heat stress (Marai, 2007). There are numerous citations on the negative effect of high temperatures and heat stress on small stock (Alamer, 2009;Hansen et al, 2009;Veerasamy & Rajendra, 2010). All these concluded that animals in distress due to hyperthermia will show poor production, reproduction and increased susceptibility to disease.…”

Section: Effect Of Heat Stress On Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep and goats have the ability to withstand water restriction for periods of up to 2 days without causing stress to the animal (Meissner & Belonje, 1972;Li et al, 1999;Lowe et al, 2002;Jaber et al, 2004;Alamer, 2009). Li et al (1999) has however shown that water deprivation in combination with physiological stress resulted in an increase of blood cortisol levels in lactating animals.…”

Section: The Effect Of Food and Water Deprivation On Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of environmental factors and husbandry practices on stress in goats

Kruger

Nedambale

Scholtz

et al. 2016

Small Ruminant Research

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Effect of water restriction on lactation performance of Aardi goats under heat stress conditions

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Physiological and behavioral basis for the successful adaptation of goats to severe water restriction under hot environmental conditions

Physiological and behavioral basis for the successful adaptation of goats to severe water restriction under hot environmental conditions

Effect of water restriction on drinking behaviour and water intake in German black-head mutton sheep and Boer goats

The effect of environmental factors and husbandry practices on stress in goats

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