The effect of environmental factors and husbandry practices on stress in goats

Kruger, L.P.; Nedambale, T. L.; Scholtz, M. M.; Webb, E.C.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.06.004

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Other stressors such as estrus, deprivation of food and water were not significant when compared to baseline cortisol level. 28 Goats in dehorn and with local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and epinephrine in the infratrochlear and lacrimal nerve did not block the production of cortisol and pain response in these animals. 29 In humans, cortisol was elevated after 24 and 48 hours after abdominal surgery, independent of circadian rhythm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Melatonin, cortisol and progesterone in alpine goat’s superstimulateds with FSH-OV and artificial photoperiod

Monreal¹,

Garcia²,

Toniollo³

2018

JAPLR

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Background: It is already well known the importance of hormones such as progesterone, cortisol and melatonin on the reproduction of females of various species. However, as regards the goat species, there is still a lack of data, especially in animals used in oocyte donation programs for subsequent in vitro production of embryos. The objective of this study was to verify the profile of progesterone, cortisol and melatonin during the hormonal treatment of ovarian stimulation in the anestrous, transition and reproductive season in Alpine goats using artificial and natural photoperiod. Seventeen female Alpine goats were reared at latitude 21°15'22''S. The animals were treated with 10mg oFSH (Ovagen, ICP, New Zealand) in decreasing doses for four consecutive days at the end of a progestin treatment with CIDR® (Intervet, New Zealand) at the reproductive season (G1,n=7) and anestrous with artificial photoperiod (G2,n=5) or natural (G3,n=5). Blood samples were taken before, during and after the period of ovarian stimulation and during oocyte harvest by laparotomy. Blood collection for melatonin was performed overnight, for progesterone and cortisols were performed for 16days in the morning. The values were presented as mean, standard deviation and median for the groups and compared by non-parametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis, analysis of variance and Friedman). With regard to progesterone, there was a difference (P<0.05) between the three groups studied and in the two periods (reproductive season/anestrous), with higher values in the reproductive season. Statistical differences (P>0.05) were not observed for cortisol between groups, however, after laparotomy there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the operated goats (G1:40.94±18,53nmol/L) compared to those not operated at the reproductive season (G2:17.86±14.90nmol/L and G3:16.00±16.51nmol/L). Serum cortisol values were lower than those of the reproductive season for all groups, G1(13.18±9.43nmol/L, natural photoperiod, non-laparotomized goats), G2(26,70±15,39nmol/L, artificial photoperiod, laparotomized goats) and G3 (35.35±17.10nmol/L, natural photoperiod, laparotomized goats). However, the surgical group (G2 in artificial photoperiod) presented serum cortisol levels between the nonsurgical group (G1 in the natural photoperiod) and the surgical group (G3 in the natural photoperiod), leading to the belief that melatonin might have interfered with the values Cortisol of these animals in anestrus. During the experimental period, melatonin values were always high in all groups in the anestrous period (G1:68.19pg/mL, G2: 45.53pg/mL and G3:58.28pg/mL). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, it is possible to verify an influence of the season (reproductive or anestrous), and possibly melatonin, on the secretion of cortisol in these animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Melatonin, cortisol and progesterone in alpine goat’s superstimulateds with FSH-OV and artificial photoperiod

Monreal¹,

Garcia²,

Toniollo³

2018

JAPLR

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“…This might be due to the fact that South African unimproved indigenous goats are used to people during the trainings that are given to different stakeholders visiting the institute. Moreover, this might be due to handling (Kruger, 2014) when semen is collected, routine check of their well-being, counted and moved from one camp to the other etc. However, Tankwa goats are managed with little human interference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Characterisation of South African Unimproved Indigenous and Tankwa Goats

Ramukhithi

Lehloenya

Kotzé

et al. 2019

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to characterise and compare phenotypic characteristics of South African unimproved indigenous and Tankwa goats. Phenotypic characteristics of 44 South African unimproved indigenous and 41 Tankwa goats were assessed. The qualitative characteristics were assessed through visual appraisal. Quantitative characteristics such as body measurements were obtained using a flexible tape, while body weight was determined by using a weighing scale and body temperature with a thermometer. Body condition score of South African unimproved indigenous goats (98%) was more satisfactory when compared to that of Tankwa goats (74%). None of the Tankwa goats had ticks under their tails while 53% of South African unimproved indigenous goats had them. Most of the Tankwa goats had single or two colours as their main colours. Both goats' types had high proportion of moderate necks, brown eyes, average eye width and mouth shape. Tankwa goats' horns and hooves were more damaged when compared to those of South African unimproved indigenous goats. Tankwa goats had higher phenotypic characteristics (quantitative) with the exception of body temperature. In conclusion, qualitative characteristics were comparable between South African unimproved indigenous and Tankwa goats. However, quantitative characteristics of Tankwa goats were higher, with the exception of body temperature.

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“…The results of the present study confirm the importance and efficacy of determining circulating cortisol levels as an indicator of stress in domestic goats under specific housing conditions, as has been proposed in other studies (Fazio, Medica, Cavaleri, Cravana, & Ferl Azzo, 2006). The rheostatic mechanisms by which the goat adapts to stressful conditions indicate that well-being is an important factor to ensure reproductive success (Kruger, 2015;Silanikove, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of crowding and water restriction stress on creole goat reproduction in the Oaxacan Sierra Mixteca, Mexico

Pacheco

Romero

Rojas‐Maya

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Chronic stress disrupts reproductive efficiency. Yet, the manner in which stress disturbs reproduction in goats is currently unknown. The Oaxacan Mixteca region is one of Mexico's poorest, with high levels of deforestation, high ambient temperatures, and lack of water. Native goats of the Oaxacan Mixteca Region live in these stressful conditions, as well as in overcrowded and water restricted conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these very stressful conditions on the reproduction of male and female goats. Control group was uncrowded, with daily water supply; stress group was overcrowded, with water restriction. The study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016; the expression of reproductive behaviour and variations of cortisol levels were assessed. In females, oestradiol and progesterone were evaluated during the oestrous cycle. In males, testosterone levels were evaluated before and during reproductive activity. Sexual behaviour decreased in stressed goats: approaching, tail swishing, urination, vaginal discharge and flank contraction decreased in stressed females. Anogenital sniffing, licking, Flehmen reflex, bleating, mount attempts and mounts decreased in male goats. Cortisol levels in stressed animals were higher compared with control animals. Oestradiol and Progesterone levels in stressed females were significantly lower during the follicular and luteal phase, respectively, compared with control females. Testosterone levels in stressed males were lower than in control males, both before and during reproduction. These results indicate that even though goats from the Oaxacan Mixteca Region are habituated to their environmental conditions, they are still stressed by them, as shown by a higher activation of the adrenal axis in stressed goats than in control goats. High cortisol levels may induce low oestradiol levels in females and low testosterone levels in males, as well as a disruption in the expression of their reproductive behaviour.

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The effect of environmental factors and husbandry practices on stress in goats

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Melatonin, cortisol and progesterone in alpine goat’s superstimulateds with FSH-OV and artificial photoperiod

Melatonin, cortisol and progesterone in alpine goat’s superstimulateds with FSH-OV and artificial photoperiod

Phenotypic Characterisation of South African Unimproved Indigenous and Tankwa Goats

Effects of crowding and water restriction stress on creole goat reproduction in the Oaxacan Sierra Mixteca, Mexico

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