Effect of walnut ( Juglans sigillata ) oil on intestinal antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation in mice

Abstract

The study investigated the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation in mice (n = 60; 15 mice/group) after intragastric administration of walnut oil (WO; three groups (low (LD), medium (MD), and high doses (HD): 2.5, 5, and 10 ml/kg, respectively) and normal control (NC, saline). WO significantly increased the median villous height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in intestinal mucosa. WO exerted the anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the duodenal mucosa. All groups shared 157 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% similarity) representing nine phyla. The relative abundance in gut microbiota shifted from more pathogenic bacteria-Helicobacter (NC: 22% versus MD: 3%) toward probiotic-Lactobacillus (NC: 19% versus MD: 40%). The immune organ index (spleen) and contents of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) were increased from small intestine. In conclusion, WO decreased the oxidative stress, inflammation, and improved the immunity and beneficial gut microbiota in the mice. Practical applications Walnut oil (WO) is widely used in traditional medicine around the world and is prescribed as beneficial food oil in agro-industry. However, the intestinal benefits of WO have not been explored extensively, and even its therapeutic mechanism still remains unknown in modern medicine. In this study, WO from Juglans sigillata was investigated for its preventive and protective effects on the intestinal mucosa in mice including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation. WO decreased the oxidative stress, inflammation, and improved immunity and beneficial gut microbiota in the mice. WO has shown strong probiotic effect on the gut, and thus, can be considered as a potential candidate in food. The study outcome would enhance utilization of WO for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., Helicobacter, etc.) both in animals and human (inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD) and the formulation of functional foods.

Bifidobacterium longumCCFM752 prevented hypertension and aortic lesion, improved antioxidative ability, and regulated the gut microbiome in spontaneously hypertensive rats

“…Previous studies indicated associations between the gut microflora composition and the antioxidative ability of the host. 13,50–52 A positive correlation of aortic NADPH oxidase activity and genus Turicibacter , which had been reported to increase in SHR, 20,47 was observed in our results. CCFM752 down-regulated this genus as well as the aortic NADPH oxidase activity in SHR, suggesting that the down-regulation of Turicibacter may contribute to the prevention of aortic oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction.…”

Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Oil Using Various Pretreatment and Processing Technologies

“…In recent years, the research on walnut oil has become popular because walnut oil is a kind of edible oil with high nutritional value. Walnut oil nutrition research mainly focuses on the role of walnut oil in intestinal diseases, which is widely used in traditional medicine around the world and is prescribed as beneficial food oil in agroindustry [ 5 ]. Walnut oil is a prominent functional food candidate for inflammatory bowel disease treatment [ 6 ] and ulcerative colitis treatment [ 7 ] because it has good antiaging activity in vivo [ 8 ] and can increase antioxidant capacity [ 9 ].…”

Dietary supplementation with potassium-magnesium sulfate modulates the antioxidant capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets

“…The results show that intestinal microorganisms can affect the antioxidant ability of the different organs. Miao et al (2021) found that it enhanced the GSH-Px activity in the small intestine of mice and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus after the 5 ml/kg walnut oil gavage test on mice ( Miao et al, 2021 ). In our experiment, we analyzed the correlation between intestinal oxidative stress and colonic microbial changes and found that there was a correlation between intestinal GSH-Px was positively correlated with Muribaculaceae , Peptostreptococcaceae , and Desulfovibrionaceae , suggesting that PMS may affect the activity of GSH-Px by increasing the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae .…”