Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density and fractures in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Mott, Andrew; Bradley, Thomas Gerard; Wright, Kath; Cockayne, Elizabeth Sarah; Shearer, Martin J.; Adamson, Joy; Lanham-New, Susan A; Torgerson, David

doi:10.1007/s00198-019-04949-0

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…A special feature of cheese is the presence of vitamin K2. A recent meta-analysis performed in 2019, including more than 11,000 patients, was conducted mainly in postmenopausal or osteoporotic patients [46]. It concluded that vitamin K supplementation appeared to have little clinically significant effect on BMD and vertebral fracture outcomes for these patients-in part, related to the heterogenicity in studies included, especially concerning the treatment regimes.…”

Section: Vitamins K and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

2020

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Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Fragility fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and disability and are a major public health problem worldwide. The influence of nutritional factors on the development and progression of this disease can be significant and is not yet well established. Calcium intake and vitamin D status are considered to be essential for bone metabolism homeostasis. However, some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of calcium and vitamin D supplements in decreasing the risk of fractures. The adequate intake of protein, vegetables and other nutrients is also of interest, and recommendations have been established by expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. It is important to understand the influence of nutrients not only in isolation but also in the context of a dietary pattern, which is a complex mixture of nutrients. In this review, we evaluate the available scientific evidence for the effects of the main dietary patterns on bone health. Although some dietary patterns seem to have beneficial effects, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the true influence of diet on bone fragility.

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Section: Vitamins K and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

2020

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“…With respect to micronutrients, a sufficient intake of vitamin D and calcium are essential for musculoskeletal health [28][29][30]. Furthermore, there might be a role of vitamin K in reducing fracture risk, but there is no clear evidence [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip Fracture Patients in Geriatric Rehabilitation Show Poor Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Muscle Health

Groenendijk

Kramer

Boeft³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The aim of this study was to gain insight into the nutritional status, dietary intake and muscle health of older Dutch hip fracture patients to prevent recurrent fractures and to underpin rehabilitation programs. This cross-sectional study enrolled 40 hip fracture patients (mean ± SD age 82 ± 8.0 years) from geriatric rehabilitation wards of two nursing homes in the Netherlands. Assessments included nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment), dietary intake on three non-consecutive days which were compared with Dietary Reference Intake values, and handgrip strength. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and ultrasound scans of the rectus femoris. Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was present in 73% of participants. Mean energy, protein, fibre and polyunsaturated fat intakes were significantly below the recommendations, while saturated fat was significantly above the UL. Protein intake was <0.8 in 46% and <1.2 g/(kg·day) in 92%. Regarding micronutrients, mean intakes of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium and selenium were significantly below the recommendations. The prevalence of low muscle mass, low handgrip strength and sarcopenia were 35%, 27% and 10%, respectively. In conclusion, a poor nutritional status, dietary intake and muscle health are common in older hip fracture patients in geriatric rehabilitation wards.

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“…Some clinical trials have shown an increase of BMD after vitamin K treatment [21,48], whereas others did not [22,49]. A meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials that investigated the effect of vitamin K treatment on bone mineral density and fractures showed vitamin K treatment does not affect BMD in postmenopausal women, although it may reduce clinical fractures [23]. This suggests that vitamin K plays a role in bone architecture and quality, rather than in BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is speculated to promote bone formation and inhibit osteoclast activity [20]. Despite inconsistent results on bone mineral density (BMD) [21,22], vitamin K supplementation is shown to reduce clinical fractures [23] and this reduction might be caused by carboxylation and activation of osteocalcin and MGP [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six months vitamin K treatment does not affect systemic arterial calcification or bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus 2

et al. 2020

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Purpose Vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in (patho)physiological calcification of the vasculature and the bones. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with increased arterial calcification and increased fractures. This study investigates the effect of 6 months vitamin K2 supplementation on systemic arterial calcification and bone mineral density (BMD) in DM2 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods In this pre-specified, post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, patients with DM2 and CVD were randomized to a daily, oral dose of 360 µg vitamin K2 or placebo for 6 months. CT scans were made at baseline and follow-up. Arterial calcification mass was quantified in several large arterial beds and a total arterial calcification mass score was calculated. BMD was assessed in all non-fractured thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Results 68 participants were randomized, 35 to vitamin K2 (33 completed follow-up) and 33 to placebo (27 completed follow-up). The vitamin K group had higher arterial calcification mass at baseline [median (IQR): 1694 (812–3584) vs 1182 (235–2445)] for the total arterial calcification mass). Six months vitamin K supplementation did not reduce arterial calcification progression (β [95% CI]: − 0.02 [− 0.10; 0.06] for the total arterial calcification mass) or slow BMD decline (β [95% CI]: − 2.06 [− 11.26; 7.30] Hounsfield units for all vertebrae) when compared to placebo. Conclusion Six months vitamin K supplementation did not halt progression of arterial calcification or decline of BMD in patients with DM2 and CVD. Future clinical trials may want to pre-select patients with very low vitamin K status and longer follow-up time might be warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02839044

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Effect of vitamin K on bone mineral density and fractures in adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Cited by 74 publications

References 73 publications

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis

Hip Fracture Patients in Geriatric Rehabilitation Show Poor Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Muscle Health

Six months vitamin K treatment does not affect systemic arterial calcification or bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus 2

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