Effect of Two Feed Protein Levels and Feed Rate Combinations on Water Quality and Production of Intnsive Shrimp Ponds Operated without Water Exchange

Hopkins, J. Stephen; Sandier, Paul A.; Browdy, Craig L.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1995.tb00215.x

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Aquaculture production of L. vannamei is currently limited by its environmental impact, the incidence of disease and the availability and quality of protein in dietary ingredients used in shrimp diets (Browdy et al, 2001;De Schryver et al, 2008;Hopkins et al, 1995). The quality of protein in diets is a major factor in growth, diet cost and water quality during shrimp production (Bender et al, 2004;Kureshy and Davis, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofloc can improve production by providing a food source for shrimp and provide economic benefits by decreasing diet requirements (Browdy et al, 2001;De Schryver et al, 2008;Hopkins et al, 1995). Biofloc can be consumed by shrimp and may lower the dietary protein levels required for production (Burford et al, 2003;Crab et al, 2010;Hari et al, 2004;Wasielesky et al, 2006;Xu et al, 2012a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary protein and water exchange on water quality, survival and growth of postlarvae and juvenile <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Wang

Lawrence²,

Castille³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture

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A B S T R A C TTwo growth trials were conducted with Litopenaeus vannamei to evaluate effects of dietary protein and water exchange on survival, growth and water quality. In both trials, protein levels were 12, 15, 20, 26 and 35%. In the first trial, 6.21 g juvenile shrimp were stocked for 23 days at either zero or high (2750% daily) water exchange. At high exchange, survival was greater than 93% for all protein levels. Final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) increased with protein level from 12% to 20% (P < 0.05). FBW and WG at 20 and 26% protein were lower than that at 35% protein. At zero exchange, survival decreased with protein above 20%. At zero exchange, water quality decreased (high ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and low pH, alkalinity) with protein greater than 15%. WG with 12% protein was greater at zero exchange than at high exchange. In the second trial, 0.22 g postlarvae were stocked for 26 days at either zero or high (5440% daily) water exchange. At high exchange, survival was 90% or greater for all protein levels. FBW and WG increased with protein level from 12% to 20% (P < 0.05). At zero exchange, FBW and WG were maximum with 20% protein. Survival was lowest at 35% protein. For 35% protein, survival was lower at zero than at high exchange. For all protein levels except 35%, WG was higher at zero than at high exchange. The results suggest that lower protein diets can replace high protein (35%) commercial diets and obtain high growth rate for both juvenile and postlarvae L. vannamei at zero exchange. Further, a 20% protein diet, which contained 25.3% marine animal meals, was adequate for shrimp growth, survival and water quality at zero exchange.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary protein and water exchange on water quality, survival and growth of postlarvae and juvenile <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Wang

Lawrence²,

Castille³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture

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“…This technology was developed to create economical and environment bene¢ts via reduced water use, e¥uent discharges, arti¢cial feed supply and improved biosecurity (Wasielesky, Atwood, Stokes & Browdy 2006;Avnimelech 2007;Mishra, Samocha, Patnaik, Speed, Gandy & Ali 2008). The bio£oc as a food source are available 24 h day À 1 (Avnimelech 2007), improving production per hectare and economic bene¢ts through lower arti¢cial feed inputs (Hopkins, Sandifer & Browdy 1995;Browdy et al 2001). The bio£oc as a food source are available 24 h day À 1 (Avnimelech 2007), improving production per hectare and economic bene¢ts through lower arti¢cial feed inputs (Hopkins, Sandifer & Browdy 1995;Browdy et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofloc technology application as a food source in a limited water exchange nursery system for pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817)

Emerenciano

Ballester

Cavalli

et al. 2011

Aquaculture Research

242

174

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In a 30-day experiment, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis PL 25 (25 AE 10 mg;17.9 AE 1.6 mm) were raised in nine circular £oating cages with a stocking density of 1000 shrimp m À 3 . Three treatments were evaluated:(1) culture in BFT system plus a commercial feed supply (BFT1CF); (2) culture in BFT system without feed supply (BFT) and (3) culture in clear water with feed supply (control). Post-larvae (PL) ¢nal weight (218.9, 236.5 and 176.0 mg, for BFT1CF, BFT and control respectively), ¢nal biomass (17.9, 15.7 and 8.2 g) and weight gain (193.9, 211.5 and 151.0 mg) were similar in the BFT regardless of whether they were fed a commercial diet (P40.05), but were both signi¢cantly higher than the control (Po0.05). Survival (81.5%, 67.0% and 84.8% respectively) and ¢nal length did not di¡er between treatments (P40.05). The bio£oc analysis identi¢ed ¢ve main microorganism groups: protozoa (ciliate and £agellate), rotifers, cyanobacteria (¢lamentous and unicellular) and pennate diatoms. Free living bacteria and attached bacteria in bulk were 25.73 AE 8.63 and 0.86 AE 3.17 Â 10 6 mL À 1 respectively. Proximate analysis in the bio£oc indicated high levels of crude protein (30.4%). Results con¢rmed favourable nutritional quality of bio£oc, and enhanced growth and production of F. brasiliensis PL in bio£oc systems.

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“…In recent years, growing concerns about the environmental impact of shrimp farms, together with the incidence of diseases, spurred the development of culture systems using minimum or no water exchange (Hopkins et al, 1995). These systems minimize the discharge of effluent (Naylor et al, 1998) and the probability of the spread of pathogens (Wasielesky et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salinity on performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles reared in a super-intensive system

et al. 2014

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the culture water quality, performance and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (1.16±0.30 g) reared for 36 days in a super-intensive system without water exchange at salinities of 4, 16 and 32‰. Groups of 200 animals (140/m 2 ) were stocked, with three replicates, in nine fiber-cement tanks (1.11 × 1.29 × 0.70 m) with a useful volume of 400 L. Physical and chemical parameters of water, such as temperature and dissolved oxygen before and after midday, pH, alkalinity, total suspended solids, total ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, were monitored. Performance parameters like survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein retention rate, were also evaluated. The proximate composition of the juveniles was analyzed through the moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents. The physical and chemical parameters of the water were influenced by the treatments. The increased salinity produced a significant increase in the alkalinity and the concentrations of total suspended solids, nitrite and phosphate. Of the parameters that were examined to evaluate the performance and proximate composition of the shrimp, only survival, protein retention rate and body lipid content were significantly influenced. The highest values were found at a salinity of 32‰. However, the analysis of the proximate composition of the bioflocs showed that the moisture, protein and lipid contents increased as the salinity decreased. Growth, use of feed and survival of L. vannamei juveniles reared in a super-intensive system without water exchange is positively influenced by an increase of salinity from 4 to 32‰.

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Effect of Two Feed Protein Levels and Feed Rate Combinations on Water Quality and Production of Intnsive Shrimp Ponds Operated without Water Exchange

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of dietary protein and water exchange on water quality, survival and growth of postlarvae and juvenile <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Effects of dietary protein and water exchange on water quality, survival and growth of postlarvae and juvenile <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Biofloc technology application as a food source in a limited water exchange nursery system for pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817)

Effect of salinity on performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles reared in a super-intensive system

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