Biofloc technology application as a food source in a limited water exchange nursery system for pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817)

Abstract

In a 30-day experiment, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis PL 25 (25 AE 10 mg;17.9 AE 1.6 mm) were raised in nine circular £oating cages with a stocking density of 1000 shrimp m À 3 . Three treatments were evaluated:(1) culture in BFT system plus a commercial feed supply (BFT1CF); (2) culture in BFT system without feed supply (BFT) and (3) culture in clear water with feed supply (control). Post-larvae (PL) ¢nal weight (218.9, 236.5 and 176.0 mg, for BFT1CF, BFT and control respectively), ¢nal biomass (17.9, 15.7 and 8.2 g) and weight gain (193.9, 211.5 and 151.0 mg) were similar in the BFT regardless of whether they were fed a commercial diet (P40.05), but were both signi¢cantly higher than the control (Po0.05). Survival (81.5%, 67.0% and 84.8% respectively) and ¢nal length did not di¡er between treatments (P40.05). The bio£oc analysis identi¢ed ¢ve main microorganism groups: protozoa (ciliate and £agellate), rotifers, cyanobacteria (¢lamentous and unicellular) and pennate diatoms. Free living bacteria and attached bacteria in bulk were 25.73 AE 8.63 and 0.86 AE 3.17 Â 10 6 mL À 1 respectively. Proximate analysis in the bio£oc indicated high levels of crude protein (30.4%). Results con¢rmed favourable nutritional quality of bio£oc, and enhanced growth and production of F. brasiliensis PL in bio£oc systems.

Biofloc Technology (BFT): A Review for Aquaculture Application and Animal Food Industry

“…According to the same study, growth and survival was not affected by stocking density (2500 vs 5000 PL/m 2 ), therefore greater production outputs were achieved at the higher density. Furthermore, in [37] was found that F. brasiliensis postlarvae grow similarly with or without pelletized feed in biofloc conditions during 30-d of nursery phase, which was 40% more than conventional clear-water continuous exchange system.…”

“…vannamei [44,48], P. monodon [51], F. paulensis [15,46], F. brasiliensis [37,52] and F. setiferus [34]. The primary advantage observed is related to a better nutrition by continuous consumption of biofloc, which might positively influence grow-out performance a posteriori [53], but was not always the case [54].…”

“…Regarding to maintenance of water quality, control of bacterial community over autotrophic microorganisms is achieved using a high carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) [30], which nitrogenous by-products can be easily taken up by heterotrophic bacteria [36]. High carbon to nitrogen ratio is required to guarantee optimum heterotrophic bacteria growth [14,37], using this energy for maintenance (respiration, feeding, movement, digestion, etc), but also for growth and to produce new cells. High carbon concentration in water could supersede the carbon assimilatory capacity of algae, contributing to bacteria growth.…”

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

“…it is available as a source of food supplement for cultured shrimp (Hari et al 2004;Arnold et al 2009;Ballester et al 2010), and offer essential in situ nutrients, such as protein (Emerenciano et al 2012), lipid (Wasielesky et al 2006), amino acids (Ju et al 2008) and fatty acids (Izquierdo et al 2006;Ekasari et al 2010). Biofloc biomass in the culture system that is consumed by cultured shrimp and digested, may compensate a significant amount of protein demand, and consequently reduce the quantity of fish meal (FM) required (Burford et al 2004;Crab et al 2010;Hari et al 2004;Wasielesky et al 2006;.…”

Biofloc technology: an emerging avenue in aquatic animal healthcare and nutrition

“…Biofloc enhances ingestion rate, nutrient absorption, and assimilation, and provides a complete source of cellular nutrition (Tacon et al 2002). Broodstock diets fortified with biofloc supplementation improve reproductive performance in terms of fecundity, spawning, and egg biochemical composition in Farfantepenaeus duorarum and L. Vannamei (Emerenciano et al 2012a(Emerenciano et al , 2014. Tilapia culture inactivated suspension ponds indicated that the fish grew well on low-protein feed (Avnimelech 1999;Milstein et al 2001).…”