Effect of salinity on performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp juveniles reared in a super-intensive system

Abstract

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the culture water quality, performance and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (1.16±0.30 g) reared for 36 days in a super-intensive system without water exchange at salinities of 4, 16 and 32‰. Groups of 200 animals (140/m 2 ) were stocked, with three replicates, in nine fiber-cement tanks (1.11 × 1.29 × 0.70 m) with a useful volume of 400 L. Physical and chemical parameters of water, such as temperature and dissolved oxygen before and after midday, pH, alkalinity, total suspended solids, total ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, were monitored. Performance parameters like survival, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein retention rate, were also evaluated. The proximate composition of the juveniles was analyzed through the moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents. The physical and chemical parameters of the water were influenced by the treatments. The increased salinity produced a significant increase in the alkalinity and the concentrations of total suspended solids, nitrite and phosphate. Of the parameters that were examined to evaluate the performance and proximate composition of the shrimp, only survival, protein retention rate and body lipid content were significantly influenced. The highest values were found at a salinity of 32‰. However, the analysis of the proximate composition of the bioflocs showed that the moisture, protein and lipid contents increased as the salinity decreased. Growth, use of feed and survival of L. vannamei juveniles reared in a super-intensive system without water exchange is positively influenced by an increase of salinity from 4 to 32‰.

Rearing of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in a biofloc system: The effects of different food sources and salinity levels

“…However, the DO in all treatments was still in an optimal range for the cultivation of Pacific white shrimp. In present research, pH was at lower level and still in optimal range (7–9) in biofloc treatments compared with the control group, which can probably due to adding carbon sources to medium and the activation of heterotrophic bacteria to break down organic matter (Maicá, Borba, Martins, & Wasielesky Junior, ). Salinity increased in zero‐water exchange tanks due to evaporation of water in the tanks (Emerenciano et al, ).…”

“…These levels were directly influenced by the salinity and their highest values were occurred at 32 ppt, which were similar to reported findings by Maicá et al (). Accumulating of the suspended particles and increasing the size of bioflocs with the increase in salinity level were also confirmed (Avnimelech, ; Decamp, Cody, Conquest, Delanoy, & Tacon, ; Håkanson, ; Maicá et al, ). According to Mishra et al (), the TSS level for intensive culture of shrimp nursery was <300 mg/L.…”

“…The NO 3 concentration would increase with an increase in salinity concentration. Maicá et al () also reported an increase in the NO 3 concentration with increasing salinity in L. vannamei culture without water exchange. Maintaining the C/N ratio (over 15) by adding organic carbon sources helps to reduce the concentration of inorganic nitrogen and keep it in optimum range (Asaduzzaman et al, ).…”

“…The presence of bioflocs along with artificial diet reduces feed conversion ratio and improves feed efficiency (Khanjani et al, ; Wasielesky et al, ). Xu and Pan (), Krummenauer, Poersch, et al (), Krummenauer, Samocha, et al () and Maicá et al () reported survival rate in the range of 92.6%–90.5%, 99.06%–90.93% and 72.8%–88.3%, respectively, for Pacific white shrimp in intensive culture with biofloc system. In this research, the highest (90.95%) and lowest (66.67%) SR were obtained in FDB32 and BFT10 treatments, respectively, indicated significant differences between groups.…”

OCEANOGRAPHY AND WATER QUALITY CONDITION IN SEVERAL WATERS OF THOUSAND ISLANDS AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR WHITE SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei CULTURE

“…Dengan kandungan oksigen terlarut alami yang relatif tinggi, budidaya udang di laut tidak memerlukan kincir sehingga bisa menghemat biaya produksi. Udang yang dibudidayakan di laut, yang memiliki salinitas yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan dengan tambak, juga memiliki tekstur, rasa, warna dan bau produk yang lebih baik (Liang et al, 2008, Maicá et al, 2014. Dengan demikian, pengembangan budidaya udang di laut selain untuk peningkatan volume produksi juga dalam rangka menekan biaya produksi dan meningkatkan mutu produk.…”