Rearing of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in a biofloc system: The effects of different food sources and salinity levels

Abstract

The present study assessed the effects of different types of feeds and salinity levels on water quality, growth performance, survival rate and body composition of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, juveniles in a biofloc system. Shrimp juveniles (2.56 ± 0.33 g) were cultured for 35 days in 300 L fibreglass tanks (water volume of 180 L) with a density of 1 g/L in six treatments. Three sources of feed (100% formulated feed, mixture of 66.6% formulated diet and 33.3% wet biofloc, and 100% wet biofloc) and two levels of salinity (10 and 32 ppt) were considered in two control groups and four biofloc treatments. Water quality parameters in the biofloc treatments were significantly better than control groups (p < .05). The highest increase in growth performance and survival rate were obtained in salinity of 32 ppt and mixed feed sources. Analysing the proximate composition of body shrimp indicates an increase in lipid and ash levels in biofloc treatments, which was more evident in the salinity of 32 ppt. In addition, the proximate analysis of shrimp body showed significant differences between biofloc treatments and control groups (p < .05). The highest FCR was found in the treatment with salinity level of 10 ppt and fed only with floc. Overall, it was found that the artificial diet supplemented with biofloc at the salinity of 32 showed better performance in the juvenile stage of Pacific white shrimp.

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding

“…Nowadays, different microbial-based approaches can be found, all sharing key characteristics similar to BFT such as (i) pond systems with limited water exchange, high aeration and water movement; (ii) microbial aggregation and 'flocs' particle formation; and (iii) bacterialbased microbial manipulation: either by C:N ratio adjustments with carbon source application, and/or application of commercial microbial-based products (e.g., 'water probiotics'). Figure 3 and Table 1 summarize the current microbial-based systems and their main characteristics, with many sharing the same characteristics as described previously for BFT [3,4,37,38]. However, some of the key differences operating in these alternative systems as compared to 'pure/original' BFT include: (i) reduced levels of suspended solids in culture water; (ii) reliance on chemoautotrophic bacteria and algae alongside heterotrophic bacteria to control toxic N-compounds; and (iii) utilization of fermented/pre-digested starch-based carbon sources (e.g., rice bran, wheat bran, and corn by-products) or vegetable nitrogen sources (e.g., soybean meal), with or without the addition of commercial products based on enzymes and blending of bacteria strains.…”

“…Biofloc technology (BFT) is most commonly used for shrimp culture [3,4,37,38] but is increasingly being used to culture fish and other aquatic species [29]. BFT differs from other production systems as it heavily relies on a beneficial and rich ecosystem of in situ microbes to minimize the need for water exchange [39,40].…”

Use of biofloc technology in shrimp aquaculture: a comprehensive review, with emphasis on the last decade

“…2015; Khanjani et al . 2020). Some other culture conditions, such as the addition of carbon source (to maintain appropriate C/N ratio), water exchange and rearing substrates, are also of prime importance for optimal performance of shrimp and prawn in biofloc systems (Schveitzer et al .…”

“…2020c); (vi) application of BFT in shrimp culture (Khanjani et al . 2017, 2020; Martinez‐Porchas et al . 2020); (vii) integrated biofloc‐based shrimp farming (Fourooghifard et al .…”

The Effect of Stocking Density and Carbon Sources on the Oxidative Status, and Nonspecific Immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared under Biofloc Conditions

“…Furthermore, BFT offers a natural probiotic effect through the presence of beneficial microorganisms and their cell components, which act as growth-promoting and immunostimulant factors. Accordingly, BFT results in enhanced growth performance, immune response, antioxidative status, and resistance to aquaculture stressors [ 9 ].…”