“…ZnO thin films are widely used to light-emitting diodes (LED) [4], UV sensors [5,6], solar cells [7,8], surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and optical wave-guide devices as well [9]. It is well known that ZnO thin films can be prepared by variety of techniques such as sputtering [10,11], laser ablation [12][13][14], chemical vapor deposition [15,16] and sol-gel spin-coating technique [17][18][19][20][21]. Among the above techniques, sol-gel spin-coating technique is relatively appealing and commercially favorable for the preparation of highly-oriented ZnO thin films because of its low cost, well control over the chemical composition of the thin film, the capability of preparing large-size homogeneous thin film and large freedom of choosing dopant as well.…”