Effect of the surface temperature on surface morphology, deuterium retention and erosion of EUROFER steel exposed to low-energy, high-flux deuterium plasma

Balden, M.; Elgeti, S.; Zibrov, M.; Bystrov, K.; Morgan, T.W.

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.01.001

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with the literature of RAFM steels exposed to low energy (a few hundred eV) deuterium ions of an ion beam in the SIESTA device [42], the ECR plasma in the experiment PlaQ [43] and high-flux linear plasma devices [44][45][46]. In particular, Eurofer-97 samples exposed in GyM developed a morphology very similar to the fence/corral-like one shown in [45], although the fluence was much higher (10 26 -10 27 ions•m −2 ) and the ion energy was lower (~40 eV), there. All the details about these experiments and the interpretation of the results are going to be published elsewhere.…”

Section: Rafm Steels Deuterium Plasma Erosionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Linear plasma device GyM for plasma-material interaction studies

et al. 2023

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GyM is a linear plasma device operating at Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, with the original aim of studying basic plasma physics, such as turbulent processes. Since 2014, GyM experimental program has been mainly focused on the issue of plasma-material interaction (PMI) for magnetic confinement nuclear fusion applications. GyM consists of a stainless steel vacuum chamber (radius and length of 0.125 m and 2.11 m), a pumping system, a gas injection system, 10 magnetic field coils and two magnetron sources at 2.45 GHz, capable of delivering a total microwave power up to 4.5 kW. Highly reproducible steady-state plasmas of different gas species, at a maximum working pressure of ∼10−1 Pa, can be obtained by electron cyclotron resonance heating in the resonance layer at 87.5 mT. Plasmas of GyM have electron and ion temperature ≤15 eV and ∼0.1 eV, respectively. The electron density is in the range of 1015–1017 m−3 and the ion flux is ≤5 × 1020 ions⋅m−2s−1. Main plasma diagnostics of GyM comprise Langmuir probes, an optical emission spectrometer, a mass spectrometer and a fast camera system equipped with an image intensifier unit. For the purpose of investigating the topic of PMI, GyM is provided with two sample exposure systems. Both are biasable at a negative bias voltage down to −400 V, to tune the energy of the impinging ions. One of them is also equipped with a heating lamp and can reach and sustain a temperature of 990 K for several hours, thus allowing to study the role of sample temperature during the plasma-material interaction. This contribution presents the layout of GyM, the diagnostics, the sample exposure systems and the typical plasma parameters. A brief overview of the main PMI activities carried out so far and a description of future machine upgrades are also given.

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Section: Rafm Steels Deuterium Plasma Erosionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Linear plasma device GyM for plasma-material interaction studies

et al. 2023

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“…Observations of nano-sized fiber-like structures formed on the RAFM and RAF-ODS steel surfaces subjected to the sputtering erosion were already reported in Refs. [25,26,28,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported recently [22,24,25,28,29,30] that exposure of multicomponent RAFM and RAFM/RAF-ODS steels to low-energy (40-200 eV) deuterium plasmas with fluxes >10 19 ions/m 2 s leads to the formation of nano-structured near-surface layers enriched with W.…”

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels exposed to low-energy, high-flux pure and helium-seeded deuterium plasmas

Alimov

Огородникова

Hatano

et al. 2018

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Surface topography of and deuterium (D) retention in reduced activation ferritic-martensitic Eurofer'97 and ferritic oxide dispersion strengthening ODS-16Cr steels have been studied after exposure at 600 K to low-energy (70 and 200 eV), high-flux (~10 22 D/m 2 s) pure D and D-10%He plasmas with D fluence of 2×10 25 D/m 2. The methods used were scanning electron microscopy, energy-scanning D(3 He,p) 4 He nuclear reaction, and thermal desorption spectroscopy. As a result of the plasma exposures, nano-sized structures are formed on the steel surfaces. After exposure to pure D plasmas, a significant fraction of D is accumulated in the bulk, at depths larger than 8 µm. After exposures to D-He plasmas, D is retained mainly in the near-surface layers. In spite of the fact that the He fluence was lower than the D fluence, the He retention in the steels is one order of magnitude higher than the D retention.

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“…During this work, the resuspension model implemented in MELCOR 1.8.6 for fusion applications 1 was validated against several experimental tests. These tests were selected following three aims:…”

Section: Validation Of the Resuspension Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During normal plant operations of a fusion plant, a continuous erosion of the Plasma Facing Surfaces (PFSs) occurs [1]. To reduce the severity of this erosion, these PFSs are commonly protected by mean of a protective layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%