Effect of the environment on the durability of plastic-based materials

Blaga, Alexandra Cristina

doi:10.1007/bf02473661

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Polymeric materials can be classified into two main groups: plastics and elastomers. Plastics have low elasticity and low tolerance to deformation, whereas elastomers have a high degree of elasticity and great tolerance to deformation [25][26][27][28]. Plastics and elastomers react differently to aging.…”

Section: Degradation Mechanisms In Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As climate changes, weather effects become more unpredictable and could cause unforeseen consequences on BEMs as degradation rates could be accelerated. Simulations can provide estimates of possible future conditions and it is more important than ever to consider the possible ramifications of climate change on the building industry, and to manufacture, test and develop the use of products that can withstand these changes [2,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Review of Polymeric Building Envelope Materials: Degradation, Durability and Service Life Prediction

2021

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This paper provides a critical review of the degradation, durability and service life prediction (SLP) of polymeric building envelope materials (BEMs), namely, claddings, air/vapour barriers, insulations, sealants, gaskets and fenestration. The rate of material deterioration and properties determine the usefulness of a product; therefore, knowledge of the significant degradation mechanisms in play for BEMs is key to the design of proper SLP methods. SLP seeks to estimate the life expectancy of a material/component exposed to in-service conditions. This topic is especially important with respect to the potential impacts of climate change. The surrounding environment of a building dictates the degradation mechanisms in play, and as climate change progresses, material aging conditions become more unpredictable. This can result in unexpected changes and/or damages to BEMs, and shorter than expected SL. The development of more comprehensive SLP methods is economically and environmentally sound, and it will provide more confidence, comfort and safety to all building users. The goal of this paper is to review the existing literature in order to identify the knowledge gaps and provide suggestions to address these gaps in light of the rapidly evolving climate.

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Section: Degradation Mechanisms In Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Polymeric Building Envelope Materials: Degradation, Durability and Service Life Prediction

2021

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“…This increased affinity for water may be attributed to the formation of additional hydrophilic polar groups in the polymer matrix, resulting from the degradation reactions (e. g., hydrolytic and photo-oxidative) induced by outdoor weathering ([I], [12]). The concentration of polar groups (e. g., -OH, -COOH, -OOH, -CO-) increases with the extent of deterioration and thus with the exposure time [4]. Therefore, longer outdoor weathering of GRP composite should result in higher amounts of sorbed water, mainly as a result of hydrogen bonding and the creation of voids.…”

Section: Effect Of Weathering On Water Sorption-desorption Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorbed water can induce physical and chemical changes by itself or in conjunction with other environmental agents, such as heat, ultraviolet light or oxygen ([I]- [4]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weathering on the water sorption of GRP sheet material

Blaga

1985

Materials and Structures

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. Materials and Structures, 18, 107, pp. 337-43, 1985-09 Effect of weathering on the water sorption of GRP sheet material Blaga, A. Water sorption-desorption isotherms of glass-reinforced polyester (GRP) surface material, unweathered and weathered for periods of up to 6 112 years, have been determined over the entire relative vapour pressure range. The equilibrium sorbed water content of the weathered surface material is higher than that of the sheet exposed outdoors for the same length of time, by a factor of up to two. Also, the equilibrium sorbed water content of the degraded surface material increases with weathering time much faster than that of the GRP sheet. Isotherms of GRP sheet indicate that the equilibrium content of sorbed water is consistently higher in weathered samples than in unweathered sheet and is an increasing function of weathering time for periods of outdoor exposure of up to 7 112 years. The rates of water sorption and desorption of weathered GRP sheet, as assessed by the combined mean coefficient of diffusion [1/2 (6, + dd)] increase markedly with weathering time. Materiaux et constructions.

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“…Chairs are mainly constructed out of wood, metal, plastic, and composite materials (Zhang & Zhang, 2011). Among these materials, wooden and metallic chairs are often too hard for worker, and plastic has poor durability (Blaga, 1984). Additionally, plastic and foaming composite materials are petrochemical products, which are harmful to both human health and the environment (North & Halden, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel bamboo sheet chair and its influence on sitting comfort

Yuan

Guo

Shi

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background In today’s economy, workers spend increasingly more time in seated positions, leading to a growing scientific interest in chair design. In this study we used body pressure distribution tests to compare a novel bamboo chair with unique structural features to other commonly-used chairs. We studied the bamboo sheet chair’s physical characteristics and comfort to provide a scientific theoretical basis for common use seat design. Methods A total of 25 (14 male and 11 female) subjects participated in the study. Subjects were divided into six groups according to their body characteristics parameters included stature, weight, shoulder breadth, hip breadth, waist width, popliteal height, buttocks-popliteal length, and buttock-abdomen depth, with three groups for males and three groups for females. Each subject was required to complete specified body pressure tests for three different experimental chairs for three minutes and subjective comfort evaluations were also administered. The pressure indexes were measured from the seat pan and backrest and calculated with MATLAB 2015b, which mainly included maximum pressure (Pm), average pressure (Pa), pressure exponent (Pe) and contact area index (PAI). Three pressure threshold limits of 0.67 kPa, 4.00 kPa and 9.33 kPa and four contact surface indexes were used in the experiment to reflect the contact area between human and chair. Results The contact areas in the backrest (52.96 ± 32.94 cm2) and seat pan (307.75 ± 90.31 cm2) in the middle-to-high threshold pressure range, and the contact areas of the backrest (4.34 ± 5.95 cm2) in the high threshold pressure range of bamboo sheet chair were smaller than the corresponding indexes of the common office chair (81.430 ± 45.04 cm2, p = 0.00; 394.39 ± 98.99 cm2, p = 0.02; 13.54 ± 12.00 cm2, p = 0.00, respectively). The pressure index (2.68 ± 0.88 kPa), maximum pressure (6.66 ± 2.05 kPa), and average pressure (2.42 ± 0.59 kPa) values of the bamboo sheet chair backrest were also found to be lower than those of the office chair (4.32 ± 1.62 kPa, p = 0.00; 10.50 ± 3.88 kPa, p = 0.00; 3.43 ± 0.97 kPa, p = 0.00, respectively). The average pressure on the seat pan was greater than 4 kPa for all subjects, while the average pressure on the seat pan was greater than 9.33 kPa for male subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.48. Discussion The bamboo sheet chair’s contact areas within the middle-to-high and high-pressure threshold ranges of the backrest and seat pan were smaller than those of the office chair, indicating that the bamboo sheet chair is effective at relieving pressure. Human body characteristics must be considered in the design of seat functional size. Buttocks-popliteal length, weight, body mass index, body shape and weight distribution, all have important effects on the distribution of body pressure at the human-chair interface.

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Effect of the environment on the durability of plastic-based materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Critical Review of Polymeric Building Envelope Materials: Degradation, Durability and Service Life Prediction

Critical Review of Polymeric Building Envelope Materials: Degradation, Durability and Service Life Prediction

Effect of weathering on the water sorption of GRP sheet material

A novel bamboo sheet chair and its influence on sitting comfort

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