Effect of the Adhesive System on the Properties of Fiberboard Panels Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

Savov, Viktor; Valchev, Ivo; Antov, Petar; Yordanov, Ivaylo; Popski, Zlatomir

doi:10.3390/polym14091768

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…UF resins are classified as thermosetting aminoplastic resins and the main wood adhesives used in the plywood industry [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The main advantages of UF resins are related to their relatively low cost, ease of handling, fast curing, short pressing time, aqueous solubility, lack of color, and good adhesion strength [ 7 , 8 ]. However, it needs to elevate the press temperature to harden and form crosslinked thermosetting polymers [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lignin Content and Pressing Time on Plywood Properties Bonded with Cold-Setting Adhesive Based on Poly (Vinyl Alcohol), Lignin, and Hexamine

et al. 2022

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The sustainability, performance, and cost of production in the plywood industry depend on wood adhesives and the hot-pressing process. In this study, a cold-setting plywood adhesive was developed based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), high-purity lignin, and hexamine. The influence of lignin content (10%, 15%, and 20%) and cold-pressing time (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) on cohesion, adhesion, and formaldehyde emission of plywood were investigated through physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical analyses. The increased lignin addition level lowered the solids content, which resulted in reduced average viscosity of the adhesive. As a result, the cohesion strength of the adhesive formulation with 10% lignin addition was greater than those of 15% and 20% lignin content. Markedly, the adhesive formulation containing a 15% lignin addition level exhibited superior thermo-mechanical properties than the blends with 10% and 20% lignin content. This study showed that 10% and 15% lignin content in the adhesive resulted in better cohesion strength than that with 20% lignin content. However, statistical analysis revealed that the addition of 20% lignin in the adhesive and using a cold-pressing time of 24 h could produce plywood that was comparable to the control polyurethane resins, i.e., dry tensile shear strength (TSS) value of 0.95 MPa, modulus of rupture (MOR) ranging from 35.8 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) values varying from 3980 MPa, and close-to-zero formaldehyde emission (FE) of 0.1 mg/L, which meets the strictest emission standards. This study demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating eco-friendly plywood bonded with PVOH–lignin–hexamine-based adhesive using cold pressing as an alternative to conventional plywood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Lignin Content and Pressing Time on Plywood Properties Bonded with Cold-Setting Adhesive Based on Poly (Vinyl Alcohol), Lignin, and Hexamine

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, lignin contains various functional groups, e.g., aliphatic, phenolic, methoxyl, and carbonyl hydroxyl groups, allowing its modification. Thus, it can be used in many functional applications such as biomass-based fuels, adhesives, flame retardants, dispersants, and surfactant formulations, as antioxidants in plastics and rubbers, dyes, synthetic floors, thermosets, paints, food packaging, filler in adhesives, seed coatings, automotive devices, 3D printing, and fuels for highway maintenance [12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, the utilization of lignin is still limited on an industrial scale due to the inhomogeneity of structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

Hidayati¹,

Budiyanto²,

Saputra³

et al. 2023

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process, which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers. Lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor, with quantities varying from 20% to 30%, of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products, while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes, thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material. Therefore, it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals. The aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% (w/v). Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5% to 30% (v/v). The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5% and 15% concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin, i.e., pH values of 3.86 and 4.27, lignin yield of 12.78% and 14.95%, methoxyl content of 11.33% and 10.13%, and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03, respectively. Due to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications, lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material, ranging from fillers, fire retardants, formaldehyde scavengers, carbon fibers, aerogels, and wood adhesives.

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“…In their paper, Savov et al investigated the effect of the adhesive system on the properties of fiberboard panels bonded with hydrolysis lignin and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin [ 58 ]. The study proposed an alternative technological solution for manufacturing fiberboard panels using a modified hot-pressing regime with hydrolysis lignin as the main adhesive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Wood Composites: Design, Characterization and Applications

et al. 2023

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Effect of the Adhesive System on the Properties of Fiberboard Panels Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Influence of Lignin Content and Pressing Time on Plywood Properties Bonded with Cold-Setting Adhesive Based on Poly (Vinyl Alcohol), Lignin, and Hexamine

Influence of Lignin Content and Pressing Time on Plywood Properties Bonded with Cold-Setting Adhesive Based on Poly (Vinyl Alcohol), Lignin, and Hexamine

Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

Eco-Friendly Wood Composites: Design, Characterization and Applications

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