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The article provides the data of the field experiment (2016-2019) on studying soybean varieties in order to determine their suitability for cultivation in Kaluga region (the central part of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation) and their use as a source of agronomic traits for further breeding work. The objects for the research were the soybean varieties of Russian (Mageva, Svetlaya, Kasatka, Maleta, Okskaya, Georgia) and Belarusian (Pripyat and Volma) breeding. Cultivation of soybean varieties in the northern regions of the country is limited due to the short growing season. During the research, the source of early ripening trait has been identified – Kasatka variety had the shortest vegetation period (109 days, 10 days less than Mageva standard variety). According to the plant height Pripyat (93.5 cm) and Okskaya (92.7 cm) varieties have been noted. In comparison to the control, Maleta, Pripyat and Volma varieties showed a steady dynamics towards dry matter accumulation increase. Plant yield index is the most important indicator in assessing soybean varieties genotype suitability for the certain cultivation area. A close correlation has been established between Svetlaya and Okskaya varieties yield indices and moisture availability indicators during the growing season (the amount of precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient) (r = 0.9). The yield of the Belarusian Volma and Pripyat varieties showed a strong correlation between the average density and precipitation (r = 0.5-0.7) and HTC (r = 0.4-0.6), which proved the possibility of their cultivation in the Non-Chernozem region. On average over the research Pripyat variety has been the most productive one (2.0 t/ha, 21 % higher than the standard), which makes it useful as a source for increased productivity trait in soybean breeding.
The article provides the data of the field experiment (2016-2019) on studying soybean varieties in order to determine their suitability for cultivation in Kaluga region (the central part of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation) and their use as a source of agronomic traits for further breeding work. The objects for the research were the soybean varieties of Russian (Mageva, Svetlaya, Kasatka, Maleta, Okskaya, Georgia) and Belarusian (Pripyat and Volma) breeding. Cultivation of soybean varieties in the northern regions of the country is limited due to the short growing season. During the research, the source of early ripening trait has been identified – Kasatka variety had the shortest vegetation period (109 days, 10 days less than Mageva standard variety). According to the plant height Pripyat (93.5 cm) and Okskaya (92.7 cm) varieties have been noted. In comparison to the control, Maleta, Pripyat and Volma varieties showed a steady dynamics towards dry matter accumulation increase. Plant yield index is the most important indicator in assessing soybean varieties genotype suitability for the certain cultivation area. A close correlation has been established between Svetlaya and Okskaya varieties yield indices and moisture availability indicators during the growing season (the amount of precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient) (r = 0.9). The yield of the Belarusian Volma and Pripyat varieties showed a strong correlation between the average density and precipitation (r = 0.5-0.7) and HTC (r = 0.4-0.6), which proved the possibility of their cultivation in the Non-Chernozem region. On average over the research Pripyat variety has been the most productive one (2.0 t/ha, 21 % higher than the standard), which makes it useful as a source for increased productivity trait in soybean breeding.
Abstract. The purpose is to study correlation dependence of soybean varieties yield on hydrothermal conditions of the southern zone of the Amur region. Methods. The subject of research are local recognized standard soybean varieties – Lidiya, Dauriya, and Alena. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2017–2021 on the experimental field of the Soybean Breeding and Genetics Laboratory of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean (FSBSI FRC ARSRIS). The varieties were studied in the nursery of competitive variety testing. Sowing was carried out in triplicate by the method of randomized repetitions (blocks) in the period from May 19 to May 21 using a SN-P-16 seeder. The plot area is 40.5 m2. During the growing season, cultivation, manual weeding, phenological observations and visual assessments were carried out. The plots were harvested by continuous threshing with a Sampo 130 combine. The yield of varieties was determined in terms of standard moisture content (14 %). Results. In the course of the yield data analysis of varieties depending on weather conditions it was found that 2019 and 2020 were excessively wet (HTF – 2.6; 2.4), optimum conditions developed in 2017 (HTF – 1.7). The highest average varietal yield (26.5) over the years of research was noted in 2017, the lowest (23.4 c/ha) – in adverse meteorological conditions of 2018, due to drought period of the early plant growth and heavy storm rainfall afterwards. It was found in the course of research that formation of the Lidiya soybean variety yield is mainly influenced by the effective heat sum during periods of sprouting – flowering and flowering – ripening (r = 0.51 and –0.53). The productivity of the Dauriya variety is more dependent on the air temperature (r = –0.61) and total precipitation, and HTF of flowering – ripening periods (r = 0.62; 0.67). The Alena soybean variety showed a fairly close correlation dependence of the productivity on the effective heat sum of the periods of dropping – sprouting and flowering – ripening (r = –0.87 and –0.68), and the amount of precipitation and HTF of the period sprouting – flowering (r = –0.64 and –0.60 respectively). Scientific novelty. Special aspects of meteorological effects on the yield of soybean varieties of various ripeness groups have been established; the correlation between them have been determined. It has been found that all studied varieties are highly adapted to changing weather and climatic conditions of the Amur Region.
The formation of the crop by four varieties of soybeans has been studied: Mageva, Svetlaya, Kasatka, and Maleta. The conducted studies have shown that in some years extremely unfavorable weather conditions for soybeans develop in the Kaluga region, which leads to an extension of its growing season and a decrease in seed yield. The Svetlaya soybean variety turned out to be the most adapted to such conditions, the seed yield of which averaged 1.63 t/ha over 2 years. In the Mageva variety, the yield was lower by 24.4%; in the Kasatka and Maleta varieties it was lower by 29.9%.
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