Effect of Temperature and Postharvest Field Burning of Kentucky Bluegrass on Germination of Sclerotia of<i>Claviceps purpurea</i>

Johnston, William F.; Golob, C. T.; Sitton, J. W.; Schultz, Thia

doi:10.1094/pd-80-0766

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…An increase in (a) biomass of Claviceps purpurae and (b) ergot alkaloids occurred simultaneously in artificial culture: The fungus grew well at 28°C in solid culture and good production of ergot alkaloids and growth was observed at 24°C in liquid culture (Amici, Minghetti, Scotti, Spalla, & Tognoli, 1969). The sclerotia were resistant greatly to high temperatures and lost the ability to germinate at 200, 300, and 400°C for 116, 48, and 15 s respectively, whereas 100°C and 50°C for 240 s reduced germination slightly (Johnston, Golob, Sitton, & Schultz, 1996). Ergot alkaloid fermentations are carried out at 20-30°C with an optimal between 23-26°C and a pH range of 4.6-6.3 was also employed with an optimum at 5.2-5.8 (Řeháček, 1991).…”

Section: Ergotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further mycotoxin effects from climate change

Paterson

Lima

2011

Food Research International

178

147

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Section: Ergotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further mycotoxin effects from climate change

Paterson

Lima

2011

Food Research International

178

147

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“…Suttle (1986) concluded that the enhanced ethylene production in cotton leaves following TDZ treatment was the consequence of an increase in the formation and oxidation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid. Ethylene is known to inhibit extension growth, for example, in Pinus sylvestris and Picea slauca shoots (Little and Macdonald, 2003), sunflower hypocotyls (Pearce et al, 1991; Johnston et al, 1996), maize roots (Alarcon et al, 2009), and iris pedicels (Çelikel and van Doorn, 2015). Since TDZ treatment dramatically increased ethylene production in rose shoots (Figure 6), we hypothesized that the inhibition of extension growth in the shoots might be an effect of ethylene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Cytokinin Analog Thidiazuron Suppresses Shoot Growth in Potted Rose Plants via the Gibberellic Acid Pathway

Çelikel

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Application of thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea, TDZ), a cytokinin analog, to inhibit the leaf yellowing that occurs after pinching potted rose plants, resulted in compact plants with shorter shoots and thicker internodes. Two weeks after treatment with 100 μM of TDZ, new shoots were half as long as those in control plants, and stem diameters were about 40% greater. This effect of TDZ is associated with changes in cell architecture. Although TDZ treatment stimulated ethylene production by the plants, inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis (2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine) or action (silver thiosulfate) did not affect the response of plants to TDZ. We found that TDZ treatment significantly suppressed the expression of bioactive gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encoding GA3 and GA20 oxidases and slightly increased the expression of GA catabolism genes encoding GA2 oxidase. Application of GA3 and TDZ together resulted in normal elongation growth, although stem diameters were still somewhat thicker. Our results suggest that TDZ regulates shoot elongation and stem enlargement in potted rose plants through the modulation of bioactive GA biosynthesis.

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“…On the one hand, it is doubtful that the improved growth of wheat could have resulted directly from the sanitation effect previously attributed to burning because emergence and growth of wheat was similar in burned and nonburned sods collected in October, shortly after field burning. Moreover, Johnston et al (1996) demonstrated that burning of Kentucky bluegrass fields did not significantly change temperatures at 1 and 3 cm below the soil surface, nor did burning alter the germination of sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea. On the other hand, it is plausible that the suppressive effects of the generally warmer and drier soil habitats available to root pathogens in burned sods, the deleterious effect of freeze-thaw events on inoculum potential of soil-borne plant pathogens in burned sods, or both kinds of effects on root pathogens can account for the improved plant growth in response to burning under field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of field burning and soil treatments on growth of wheat after Kentucky bluegrass, and effect of Rhizoctonia cerealis on bluegrass emergence and growth

1997

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Studies were conducted to assess the importance of soil-borne pathogens as impediments to the production of direct-drilled wheat following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation. Bluegrass sods were collected as cores from commercial seed fields in October (after open-field burning) and in December and March (after exposure to normal freezing and thawing), treated with glyphosate after a 2-to 3-week period of green-up in the glasshouse, and then planted to wheat 21 days later. Wheat seedlings in the 3-to 4-leaf stage were stunted and spindly in either burned or nonburned sods collected in October, but grew significantly better in burned than nonburned sods collected in December and March. Fumigation (methyl bromide), simulated tillage, and application of metalaxyl as a drench, singly or as combined treatments, improved the growth of wheat in nonburned sods. Growth of wheat in nontreated burned sods collected after frost had penetrated the upper portions was equivalent to that in fumigated sods. Experimental freezing at ¹20ЊC for up to 96 h, of burned and nonburned sods collected in October, followed by thawing also improved the growth of wheat subsequently sown directly into these sods. The stunted and spindly seedlings had roots girdled and severed by lesions typical of Rhizoctonia root rot. Isolates of Rhizoctonia cerealis were recovered from these roots and caused poor seedling emergence and stunted root and shoot growth of both wheat and bluegrass. The results suggest that both R. cerealis and Pythium spp. are potentially important soil-borne pathogens of wheat when following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation and that burning done routinely to improve the yield of bluegrass seed can also reduce the potential for damage caused by Rhizoctonia and Pythium root rots of wheat seeded directly into bluegrass sod.

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Effect of Temperature and Postharvest Field Burning of Kentucky Bluegrass on Germination of Sclerotia ofClaviceps purpurea

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Further mycotoxin effects from climate change

Further mycotoxin effects from climate change

A Cytokinin Analog Thidiazuron Suppresses Shoot Growth in Potted Rose Plants via the Gibberellic Acid Pathway

Influence of field burning and soil treatments on growth of wheat after Kentucky bluegrass, and effect of Rhizoctonia cerealis on bluegrass emergence and growth

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