Effect of Taurine Supplementation on Blood Glucose Concentration During Prolonged Exercise

Self Cite

During exercise, amino acid oxidation and protein breakdown are enhanced while protein synthesis is suppressed, even though protein does not constitute a quantitatively important energy source. In response to exercise-induced stimulation, various changes in free amino acids occur in skeletal muscle to meet physiological demands. Plasma amino acids are also under the influence of various types of stress, including exercise stress. For example, acute exercise increases alanine and glutamine levels, but decreases glutamate levels in skeletal muscle. At the same time, it increases tryptophan and taurine levels, but decreases glutamine levels in plasma. Prolonged exercise decreases glutamine and glutamate levels, while increasing tyrosine and phenylalanine levels in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, when prolonged exercise-induced changes in amino acid levels are compared between trained and untrained individuals, glutamate and taurine levels in skeletal muscle and phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and tyrosine levels in plasma are higher in trained individuals. This review provides an overview of changes in amino acid levels in skeletal muscle and plasma, with a focus on changes induced by exercise.

Section: Taurinesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Taurinementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Taurinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise-induced changes in amino acid levels in skeletal muscle and plasma

Ishikura¹,

Ra²,

Ohmori³

2013

Self Cite

“…It has been suggested that taurine administration improves energy metabolism, though the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been clarified. For example, taurine administration before exercise increases fatty acid oxidation 12) and can maintain a higher blood glucose concentration during prolonged exercise 13,14) . It has been shown that endurance exercise decreases the taurine content in many tissues including skeletal muscle in both rodents and humans, possibly due to the excretion of taurine from skeletal muscle into the plasma and urine [15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Jpfsm: Regular Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Higher voluntary wheel running activity following endurance exercise due to oral taurine administration in mice

Takahashi

Urushibata

Hatta

2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) administration on the amount of voluntary wheel running as an indicator of recovery from endurance exercise-induced fatigue in ICR mice. We orally administered a single dose of taurine (0.5 mg/g body weight) or physiological saline immediately after treadmill running at 25 m/min for 90 min. After administration, we placed mice in cages with a running wheel and allowed them to run freely in the wheel with free access to food. In the saline-treated group, exercise significantly decreased the amount of voluntary wheel running compared to the non-exercised mice (p < 0.01), while exercise did not decrease the amount of voluntary wheel running in the taurine-treated group. Significant effects of post-exercise taurine administration on voluntary wheel running during 6 h were found (p < 0.05). The 30-min running distance was significantly higher in the taurine-treated group than in the saline-treated group at 1-1.5 h after treadmill exercise (p < 0.05). Blood glucose and liver and skeletal muscle glycogen concentrations after treadmill exercise were similar in both groups at all times. Total food consumption during 6 h of voluntary wheel running showed no difference between the two groups. The ratio of the total running distance to total food consumption was significantly higher in the taurinetreated group than in the saline-treated group (p < 0.05). Our results show that oral taurine administration after endurance exercise increased the amount of voluntary wheel running. Taurine administration may have a positive effect on recovery from endurance exercise-induced fatigue.

“…However, they also reported that taking 5.0 g/day of taurine (3 × 1.66 g) with food for 7 days elicited no changes in fat oxidation or level of energy substrate (e.g., glycogen, high-energy phosphates, lactate) in skeletal muscle during 2 h of cycling exercise 6) . In addition, 7 days of taurine administration has been shown to attenuate the reduction in the glucose level in blood and the increase in the catecholamine level in plasma during 2 h of endurance cycling exercise 33) . The same group showed that 2 weeks and 3 weeks of taurine administration altered the level of precursors of gluconeogenesis in rats 34) .…”

Section: Effects Of Taurine Administration On Factors Related To Exermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of taurine administration on exercise-induced fatigue and recovery

Takahashi

Hatta

2017

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulfur-containing β-amino acid present in high concentrations in most tissues, including skeletal muscle, liver, blood, and brain. Taurine has been suggested to have positive effects on some of the physiologic functions considered to be a cause of fatigue during exercise: Ca 2+ handling in excitation-contraction coupling, regulation of ion channels, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response. However, how and where taurine affects these processes have not been elucidated fully. Some in vitro studies have suggested that taurine treatment improves the contractile properties of skeletal muscle. Several studies have suggested that taurine is involved in regulation of energy metabolism. In contrast, whole-body taurine transporter knockout mice exhibit severe intolerance to exercise. Based on these observations, whether taurine treatment may prevent/attenuate fatigue during exercise and then improve exercise performance in humans and experimental animals has been studied. Some recent studies have investigated the effects of taurine administration on post-exercise recovery. Our group investigated the effects of taurine treatment on fatigue induced by endurance exercise. We found that post-exercise taurine administration enhanced the recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen, which is the major determinant for exercise performance. In this review, we introduce studies investigating the effects of taurine administration on exercise-induced fatigue and post-exercise recovery.