Exercise-induced changes in amino acid levels in skeletal muscle and plasma

Ishikura, Keisuke; Ra, Song‐Gyu; Ohmori, Hitoshi

doi:10.7600/jpfsm.2.301

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Ishikura et al described significant post-exercise changes in plasma amino acid concentrations to support metabolic needs [25]. Amino acids decreased significantly immediately after the marathon race to support gluconeogenesis and ATP production through the TCA cycle in response to glycogen-depletion, as has been reported by others [25,26].…”

Section: Amino Acids Arginine Metabolism-and Urea Cycle Related-metamentioning

confidence: 82%

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

et al. 2020

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This study compared metabolite shifts induced by training for, participation in, and recovery from a marathon race competition among athletes divided into three groups based on fitness (relative maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and performance levels (net running time). Plasma samples from 76 male runners participating in the Munich Marathon were analyzed for metabolite shifts using a targeted metabolomics panel. For the entire cohort of runners, pronounced increases were measured immediately after the race for plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines (AC), the ratio (palmitoylcarnitine + stearoylcarnitine)/free carnitine that is used as a proxy for the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and arginine-related metabolites, with decreases in most amino acids (AA) and phospholipids. Plasma levels of AA and phospholipids were strongly increased 24 and 72 h post-race. Post-race plasma concentrations of AC and arginine-related metabolites were higher in the low compared to top performers, indicating an accumulation of fatty acids and a reliance on protein catabolism to provide energy after the marathon event. This study showed that marathon race competition is associated with an extensive and prolonged perturbation in plasma metabolite concentrations with a strong AC signature that is greater in the slower, less aerobically fit runners. Furthermore, changes in the arginine-related metabolites were observed.

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Section: Amino Acids Arginine Metabolism-and Urea Cycle Related-metamentioning

confidence: 82%

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

et al. 2020

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“…Alanine is formed from pyruvate and glutamate in the alanine aminotransferase reaction. Increase in skeletal muscle alanine is thought to be due to the enhanced availability of pyruvate and glutamate [42]. Alanine synthesized in the skeletal muscle is released into the blood and taken up by the liver, where it is reconverted into glucose via gluconeogenesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Caffeine on Metabolomic Responses to Muscle Contraction in Rat Skeletal Muscle

2019

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Exercise has beneficial effects on our health by stimulating metabolic activation of skeletal muscle contraction. Caffeine is a powerful metabolic stimulant in the skeletal muscle that has ergogenic effects, including enhanced muscle power output and endurance capacity. In the present study, we aim to characterize the metabolic signatures of contracting muscles with or without caffeine stimulation using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Isolated rat epitrochlearis muscle was incubated in the presence or absence or of 3 mM caffeine for 30 min. Electrical stimulation (ES) was used to induce tetanic contractions during the final 10 min of incubation. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis detected 184 distinct metabolites across three experimental groups—basal, ES, and ES with caffeine (ES + C). Significance Analysis of Microarray identified a total of 50 metabolites with significant changes in expression, and 23 metabolites significantly changed between the ES and ES + C groups. Changes were observed in metabolite levels of various metabolic pathways, including the pentose phosphate, nucleotide synthesis, β-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism. In particular, D-ribose 5-phosphate, IMP, O-acetylcarnitine, butyrylcarnitine, L-leucine, L-valine, and L-aspartate levels were higher in the ES + C group than in the ES group. These metabolic alterations induced by caffeine suggest that caffeine accelerates contraction-induced metabolic activations, thereby contributing to muscle endurance performance and exercise benefits to our health.

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“…An exception to the decrease in circulating AAs was the higher plasma levels of taurine after exercise compared to those following resting. Taurine can be released upon muscle contraction (Cuisinier et al 2002;Ishikura et al 2013), which likely explains this finding.…”

Section: Changes In Aa Profiles After Casein Intakementioning

confidence: 89%

“…A possible explanation for this finding could again lie in the protocol set-up aimed at glycogen depletion. Gluconeogenesis is an important process during fasting, especially in combination with glycogen depletion, in order to maintain blood glucose levels (Henriksson 1991;Ishikura et al 2013). The most important AA precursor for gluconeogenesis is alanine, which is also the AA of which systemic levels decrease most rapidly during fasting (Felig et al 1969).…”

Section: Changes In Aa Profiles After Casein Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of endurance exercise on intestinal integrity in well‐trained healthy men

JanssenDuijghuijsen

Mensink

Lenaerts

et al. 2016

Physiological Reports

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Exercise is one of the external factors associated with impairment of intestinal integrity, possibly leading to increased permeability and altered absorption. Here, we aimed to examine to what extent endurance exercise in the glycogen‐depleted state can affect intestinal permeability toward small molecules and protein‐derived peptides in relation to markers of intestinal function. Eleven well‐trained male volunteers (27 ± 4 years) ingested 40 g of casein protein and a lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) solution after an overnight fast in resting conditions (control) and after completing a dual – glycogen depletion and endurance – exercise protocol (first protocol execution). The entire procedure was repeated 1 week later (second protocol execution). Intestinal permeability was measured as L/R ratio in 5 h urine and 1 h plasma. Five‐hour urine excretion of betacasomorphin‐7 (BCM7), postprandial plasma amino acid levels, plasma fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP‐2), serum pre‐haptoglobin 2 (preHP2), plasma glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP2), serum calprotectin, and dipeptidylpeptidase‐4 (DPP4) activity were studied as markers for excretion, intestinal functioning and recovery, inflammation, and BCM7 breakdown activity, respectively. BCM7 levels in urine were increased following the dual exercise protocol, in the first as well as the second protocol execution, whereas 1 h‐plasma L/R ratio was increased only following the first exercise protocol execution. FABP2, preHP2, and GLP2 were not changed after exercise, whereas calprotectin increased. Plasma citrulline levels following casein ingestion (iAUC) did not increase after exercise, as opposed to resting conditions. Endurance exercise in the glycogen depleted state resulted in a clear increase of BCM7 accumulation in urine, independent of DPP4 activity and intestinal permeability. Therefore, strenuous exercise could have an effect on the amount of food‐derived bioactive peptides crossing the epithelial barrier. The health consequence of increased passage needs more in depth studies.

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Exercise-induced changes in amino acid levels in skeletal muscle and plasma

Cited by 20 publications

References 76 publications

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

The Effects of Caffeine on Metabolomic Responses to Muscle Contraction in Rat Skeletal Muscle

The effect of endurance exercise on intestinal integrity in well‐trained healthy men

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