Studying the interaction
between scale inhibitors (SIs) and chemically
reactive carbonate minerals is crucial for determining SI retention
in “squeeze” treatments. This study investigated the
retention of the environmentally friendly SI, polyhydric alcohol phosphate
ester (PAPE), on calcite and dolomite substrates. Elemental analysis
of the supernatant solution as well as pH measurement and environmental
scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis
(EDX) were all used to investigate SI retention and to identify the
morphology/composition of the resultant SI–Ca precipitates.
Results revealed that PAPE was retained by calcite via pure adsorption
at an initial test pH (pH0) of 4 and then precipitated
at pH0 6. In contrast, the PAPE/dolomite system was found
to be effectively pH-independent, with precipitation dominating at
both pH0 values. Any temperature effect was negligible
for dolomite/PAPE retention, whereas with calcite, retention was smaller
at lower temperature, which is attributed to the temperature-dependence
of the substrate solubility. Overall, the final pH of the system and
the resulting degree of SI dissociation contributed more to PAPE retention
than did the final calcium concentration. EDX analysis confirmed scale-inhibitor
phosphorus in the deposited solids, indicating coupled adsorption/precipitation.
This phosphorus increased with the amount of precipitation and with
the temperature, confirming the corresponding static adsorption test
results.