Effect of Surface Treatment With Er:YAG and CO2 Lasers on Shear Bond Strength of Polyether Ether Ketone to Composite Resin Veneers

Abstract

Introduction: Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has low surface energy and high resistance to chemical surface treatments. Therefore, different surface treatments such as laser conditioning should be investigated. There is a gap of information regarding the efficacy of laser irradiation in the surface treatment of PEEK, and the efficacy of several laser types needs to be evaluated for this purpose. This study aimed to assess the effect of surface treatment with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) and carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers on shear bond strength (SBS) of PEEK to composite resin veneers. Methods: In this experimental study, 60 rectangular-shaped PEEK samples (7 x 7 x 2 mm) were used. The samples were mounted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin in such a way that only one surface measuring 7x7 mm remained exposed. The samples were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20) of control, Er:YAG laser surface treatment (Power=1.5 W, energy density=119.42 J/cm2 , irradiation time=20 s) and CO2 laser surface treatment (Power=4 W, energy density=159.22 J/cm2 , irradiation time=50 s). The bonding agent and PEEK opaque were applied on the surface of samples and they were veneered with a composite resin using a hollow plastic cylinder with an internal diameter of 4 mm. The SBS was then measured and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett’s test at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The SBS of the 3 groups was significantly different (P<0.001). The Tukey HSD test revealed that the Er:YAG laser had higher SBS than the CO2 laser group (P<0.001). The Dunnett’s test showed that both Er:YAG and CO2 laser groups yielded higher SBS than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The Er:YAG and CO2 laser treatments can increase the SBS of PEEK to composite resin veneers, although the Er:YAG laser seems to be more effective for this purpose.

Review on Development and Dental Applications of Polyetheretherketone-Based Biomaterials and Restorations

“…For example, CO 2 laser treatment did not significantly enhance the SBS of tested PEEK (unfilled PEEK, carbon reinforced PEEK and glass reinforced PEEK) to the resin cement, as shown by Henriques et al [ 125 ]. Similar results that CO 2 laser treatment had little effect on the inertness and bond strength of the PEEK surface were indicated in another study [ 126 ]. Additionally, in that study, the use of Erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser irradiation provided the highest SBS; thus, it could be a feasible approach for improving the adhesive properties of PEEK to the veneers.…”

Effect of zirconia surface modification using dopamine polymerisation on the shear bond strength of resin cement

“…Shear bond strength tests have indicated that the stress distribution of the bonding interface is non‐homogeneous [54,55] In addition, shear bond strength tests do not require specimen trimming and are easier to conduct than tensile tests [53]. Moreover, shear bond strength tests can simulate the load exerted on a material in oral conditions [56]. However, in vitro experimental results need to be interpreted with caution because the actual clinical environment is more complex [56].…”

“…Moreover, shear bond strength tests can simulate the load exerted on a material in oral conditions [56]. However, in vitro experimental results need to be interpreted with caution because the actual clinical environment is more complex [56]. Thus, in the present study, a shear bond strength test was used to evaluate the bond strength of the zirconia interface.…”

Effect of IR‐laser treatment parameters on surface structure, roughness, wettability and bonding properties of fused deposition modeling‐printed PEEK/CF

“…After micro-second laser treatment, the wettability of surface turned to hydrophobic while the oxygen content was slightly changed, which has also been proved in other previous work. 26,27,38 Based on the results shown in Figures 1-4, it was indicated that the increase in the single lap shear strength was mainly due to the microscale porous surface texturing. On the other hand, nanosecond laser treatment was expected to improve a chemical adhesion on the PEEK/CF surface by forming C=O and O-C=O functional groups.…”

“…Tsuka et al 26 proved that the laser treatment greatly enhanced the chemical adhesion and mechanical interlocking of PEEK surface to improve the shear bond strength. Jahandideh et al 27 found that the Er:YAG and CO 2 laser treatments can increase the bonding strength of PEEK to composite resin veneers and the Er:YAG laser seemed to be more effective for improving adhesive properties of PEEK.…”