Effect of IR‐laser treatment parameters on surface structure, roughness, wettability and bonding properties of fused deposition modeling‐printed PEEK/CF

Abstract

In this study, laser surface treatment was applied to alter the surface texturing and chemical compositions of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed PEEK/CF samples to improve the deficiency of inert surface of PEEK as adherend substrate. The influence of IR-laser parameters including treatment gaps, single pulse energy and pulse widths on surface properties and shear bond strength were discussed. The results indicated that surface roughness was enhanced with decreasing treatment gap or increasing pulse energy, which reached the highest value of Ra = 32.44 μm at 0.4*0.4 mm 2 treatment gap and 300 mJ single pulse energy. By adjusting laser pulse width, surface wettability changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. After micro-second laser ablation, the texturing structure was changed and acted as mechanical interlocking effect, and therefore make the shear bond strengths improve from 3.28 to 6.42 MPa compared with the untreated groups. On the other hand, functional groups on substrate surface were activated after nano-second laser ablation, which contributes to an enhancement of shear bond strength through chemical interaction between adhesives and substrates. Therefore, our work highlights an efficient method of laser surface treatment on the adhesion property of FDM-printed substrates.

Additive manufactured parts surface treatment through impinged hot air jet technique the theoretical and experimental evaluation

“…Besides the definite advantages of the annealing postprocessing technique, such as high repeatability and capability of polishing the whole surfaces of the printed part in a single polishing step, the disadvantages of the annealing like detrimental effect on small features and warpage of the printed parts owing to the residual stress relaxation are the major stimulus of growing the thermal local surface treatment methods. In an investigation (Li et al, 2021), the influence of IR-laser postprocessing parameters, including laser treatment gaps, laser pulse energy and pulse width on the surface integrity, wettability and bonding properties of the polyether ether ketone/carbon fiber printed parts were assessed. The 100 mm  25 mm  2 mm printed parts were printed with a 0.4 mm nozzle and raster angle of 145 °/-45 °and postprocessed with a yttrium aluminum garnet pulsed laser with the wavelength of 1,064 nm and different treatment gaps (0.4  0.4 mm 2 , 0.8  0.8 mm 2 and 1.2  1.2 mm 2 ), pulse energies (200 mJ, 300 mJ and 400 mJ) and pulse widths (0.025 ms and 50 ms).…”

“…Besides the definite advantages of the annealing postprocessing technique, such as high repeatability and capability of polishing the whole surfaces of the printed part in a single polishing step, the disadvantages of the annealing like detrimental effect on small features and warpage of the printed parts owing to the residual stress relaxation are the major stimulus of growing the thermal local surface treatment methods. In an investigation (Li et al. , 2021), the influence of IR-laser postprocessing parameters, including laser treatment gaps, laser pulse energy and pulse width on the surface integrity, wettability and bonding properties of the polyether ether ketone/carbon fiber printed parts were assessed.…”

Preparation and characterization of transparent polyetherketone

“…PC films coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared by combined spraying and roll-to-roll (R2R) techniques, and the products maintain high transmission (82% at 550 nm), which is only 6% lower than that of pure PC films. 10 As a classic high-performance poly(aryletherketone), 46-48 polyetheretherketone (PEEK) [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] has good mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, excellent solvent resistance, and heat resistance. [56][57][58][59] However, there are rare reports on the high-temperature resistant transparent PEEK films, probably because PEEK is a crystalline engineering plastic.…”

Enhancing interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) composites by the hybrid sizing agent of hydroxyapatite‐reinforced PAEK‐COOH

“…Numerous interfacial modification techniques were suggested to increase the interfacial adhesion between CF and PPEK. [17][18][19][20] The mechanical characteristics of the composites were enhanced by chemical grafting, 21 plasma-assisted treatment, 22 self-assembly technology, 23 electrodeposition, 24 sizing, [25][26][27] and other processes. Sizing, which has been employed in the industry commercially, is one of the most potential strategies.…”