Effect of surface processing on the attachment, orientation, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts on titanium

Abstract

The adhesion, orientation, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts was studied on electropolished (elpTi), etched (etchTi), and sandblasted (sblTi) titanium surfaces. The texture, chemical state, and composition of the titanium surfaces were analyzed using a surface tracing instrument and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Considerable differences were evident in the surface texture and chemical composition of the differently treated titanium plates. Electropolishing produced the smoothest and cleanest surface. Human gingival fibroblasts attached, spread, and proliferated on all titanium surfaces. However, cells on elpTi exhibited an extremely flat morphology and seemed to form cellular bridges with adjacent cells, whereas the etchTi and sblTi surfaces harbored both round and flat cells with many long processes. Cells on elpTi appeared to grow in thick layers with no specific orientation, whereas on etchTi surfaces they were migrating along the parallel, irregular minor grooves caused by mechanical polishing, and on sblTi surfaces they seemed to grow in clusters. Stress-fiber type actin bundles and vinculin-containing focal adhesions were present in cells spreading on elpTi and etchTi surfaces but not in cells spreading on sblTi surfaces. Cell shape, orientation, and proliferation appear to depend on the texture of the titanium surface and probably also on the properties of the oxide layer and adjacent bulk material. Our findings suggest that smooth or finely grooved titanium surfaces could be optimal in implants adjacent to soft tissues as they support the attachment and growth of human gingival fibroblasts.

Proliferation and adhesion capability of human gingival fibroblasts onto zirconia, lithium disilicate and feldspathic veneering ceramic in vitro

“…It is known that fibroblasts show greater affinity for smooth or finely grooved surfaces than for rough ones 22,23) . Our study confirmed this evidence as, after 3 h of culture, SEM observations did not reveal deep modifications in HGs morphology, other than in cells grown on CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia, with no additional surface treatment (Group A).…”

Antibacterial Properties of hLf1–11 Peptide onto Titanium Surfaces: A Comparison Study Between Silanization and Surface Initiated Polymerization

“…roughness) on material surfaces are also crucial in cell and tissue responses to biomaterials. Indeed, surface roughness has shown to alter fibroblast proliferation on aluminiun, titanium and titanium alloys substrates [60][61][62] , and strongly influence bacterial attachment to nitinol, titanium and glass surfaces [63][64][65][66] . Overall, the three functionalization strategies displayed the same value of R a (~ 30 nm; Table 2), slightly increasing the original R a of control samples (~ 25 nm; Table 2).…”

Effects of titania nanotubes with or without bovine serum albumin loaded on human gingival fibroblasts

“…13 However, researchers gradually discovered that the machined necks led to crestal bone loss during early functional loading after several decades of installation procedures. [14][15][16][17] Additionally, some scholars reported that the micro-roughened surface did not increase plaque accumulation, nor did it lead to crestal bone loss; however, the surface was reportedly more conducive for forming a wide and tightly attached closed loop of connective tissue.…”