Effects of titania nanotubes with or without bovine serum albumin loaded on human gingival fibroblasts

Abstract

Modifying the surface of the transmucosal area is a key research area because this process positively affects the three functions of implants: attachment to soft tissue, inhibiting bacterial biofilm adhesion, and the preservation of the crestal bone. To exploit the potential of titania nanotube arrays (TNTs) with or without using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to modify the surface of a dental implant in contact with the transmucosal area, BSA was loaded into TNTs that were fabricated by anodizing Ti sheets; the physical characteristics of these arrays, including their morphology, chemical composition, surface roughness, contact angle, and surface free energy (SFE), were assessed. The effect of Ti surfaces with TNTs or TNTs-BSA on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was determined by analyzing cell morphology, early adhesion, proliferation, type I collagen ( COL-1 ) gene expression, and the extracellular secretion of COL-1. The results indicate that early HGF adhesion and spreading behavior is positively correlated with surface characteristics, including hydrophilicity, SFE, and surface roughness. Additionally, TNT surfaces not only promoted early HGF adhesion, but also promoted COL-1 secretion. BSA-loaded TNT surfaces promoted early HGF adhesion, while suppressing late proliferation and COL-1 secretion. Therefore, TNT-modified smooth surfaces are expected to be applicable for uses involving the transmucosal area. Further study is required to determine whether BSA-loaded TNT surfaces actually affect closed loop formation of connective tissue because BSA coating actions in vivo are very rapid.

Serum albumin coating of demineralized bone matrix results in stronger new bone formation

“…It is important to emphasize that in these, experiments serum albumin was used as a coating rather than a media supplementation, showing that serum albumin could have other favorable properties besides the above mentioned functions, like molecule transportation. In fact, Liu concluded that adsorbed BSA increased surface energy, roughness and the hydrophilicity of the coated surface, which features promoted the adherence of biological macromolecules and therefore increased the possible connecting points between cells and the material . These results correlate to our present experiment very closely.…”

“…In that experiment, the serum albumin coated sutures were able to attach significantly more MSCs after 48 h compared with classical attachment proteins like fibronectin and poly‐ l ‐lysine. More recently, data showed increased early adhesion and faster spreading of human gingival fibroblasts on BSA coated titanium surfaces …”

“…More recently, data showed increased early adhesion and faster spreading of human gingival fibroblasts on BSA coated titanium surfaces. 24 . It is important to emphasize that in these, experiments serum albumin was used as a coating rather than a media supplementation, showing that serum albumin could have other favorable properties besides the above mentioned functions, like molecule transportation.…”

Study of a new bone-targeting titanium implant–bone interface

“…15,27,28,30 Considering that the concurrent observation of bone defects and implantation frequently occurred in clinical practice but lacked experiment evidence, this study attempted to develop a wall of bone-defect model of a Ti implant with a TNT-targeting micelle surface in the middle tibia region of normal and ovariectomized rats to probe the biological effects in vivo. Thus, the bone-targeting Ti implant-bone interface in vivo was constructed.…”

“…11,27 The Ti sheet was mechanically polished and cleaned by sonication in acetone for 30 min, prior to anodization. In a typical procedure, a 2×3 cm 2 , cleaned Ti sheet (99%) with a thickness of 0.1 mm was used as an anode and an iron/tantalum alloy as a cathode.…”