Effect of sunn hemp (<i>Crotalaria juncea</i>L.) cutting date and planting density on weed suppression in Georgia, USA

Morris, J. B.; Chase, Carlene A.; Treadwell, Danielle; Koenig, R.; Cho, Alyssa; Morales-Payan, Jose Pable; Murphy, Tim R.; Antonįous, George F.

doi:10.1080/03601234.2015.1028855

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This indicates that sunn hemp may have some ability to respond to low populations and maintain yield when provided adequate irrigation. Multiple studies have found that reduced seeding rates promote lateral branching in sunn hemp (Cho et al, 2015;Morris et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2009). Jaramillo et al (2020) found that seeding rates from 17 to 39 kg ha −1 did not result in differences in biomass yield at 50 DAP, which supports the idea that increased lateral branching may compensate for yield losses at reduced plant densities.…”

Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 73%

Sunn hemp planting date effect on growth, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value in southeastern Wyoming

Eberle

Shortnacy

2021

Crop Science

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Sustainablesuccess of the Northern High Plains (NHP) crop and livestock industry is limited by market accessibility, infertile soils, short growing seasons, and availability of high nutritive value, low-cost feed. Adoption of the tropical legume, Crotalaria juncea L. (commonly known as sunn hemp), into NHP cropping systems could improve the sustainability of the rotation by fitting into summer growing windows and being used as a hay alternative. Rainfed and irrigated studies were conducted in Lingle, WY, to determine the target planting date for sunn hemp in the NHP. Later planting day of year was correlated with increased percent establishment in the rainfed study but had no effect in the irrigated study. In both irrigated and rainfed studies, planting between 8 June and 18 June maximized biomass accumulation. Biomass accumulation 60 d after planting ranged from 0.2 to 5.1 Mg ha -1 in the rainfed study and 1.2 to 4.2 Mg ha -1 in the irrigated study. For both irrigated and rainfed studies, the nutritive value of sunn hemp was high with crude protein greater than 220 g Kg -1 , acid detergent fiber less than 305 g Kg -1 , neutral detergent fiber less than 331 g Kg -1 , relative feed values above 183, and total digestible nutrients greater than 590 g Kg -1 . Planting date did not affect nutritive value. Sunn hemp grown in the NHP has a 60-d yield potential 5.1 Mg ha -1 , should be planted between 8-18 June to 60-d biomass production, and has nutritive value equivalent to supreme quality alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay.

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Section: Crop Sciencementioning

confidence: 73%

Sunn hemp planting date effect on growth, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value in southeastern Wyoming

Eberle

Shortnacy

2021

Crop Science

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“…Sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L., is a warm-season legume that is planted before or after a vegetable cash crop to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil (Cherr et al, 2006(Cherr et al, , 2007Mansoer et al, 1997;Wang et al, 2005). This cover crop provides other benefits to growers such as suppression of weeds (Adler and Chase, 2007;Cho et al, 2015;Collins et al, 2008;Javaid et al, 2015;Morris et al, 2015;Mosjidis and Wehtje, 2011) and suppression of plant-parasitic nematode populations by not providing resources (Bhan et al, 2010;Braz et al, 2016). Sunn hemp is available to growers in northern Florida, where 10,000 ha of vegetables (potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., and cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering of the Cover Crop Sunn Hemp, Crotalaria juncea L.

Meagher¹,

Nagoshi²,

Brown³

et al. 2017

horts

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Sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L., is a warm-season legume that is planted before or after a vegetable cash crop to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil, for weed-growth prevention, and to suppress nematode populations. Sunn hemp flowers may also provide nectar and pollen for pollinators and enhance biological control by furnishing habitat for natural enemies. Despite these benefits, adoption in the United States has been limited because of restricted availability of seeds, particularly in temperate climates. Experiments were conducted in north-central Florida to compare flowering and seed production of domestic and foreign sunn hemp lines across different seeding rates and planting dates. Our objectives were to test whether a low seeding rate would result in the production of higher numbers of flowers and to test whether planting earlier in the season would also result in higher numbers of flowers. Our results over a 2 year period showed that the domestic cultivar AU Golden is capable of substantial flowering and seed production in the test region, confirming the compatibility of local environmental conditions. Seed costs suggest that ‘AU Golden’ is comparable with sunn hemp lines grown in foreign countries and is much less expensive than the standard cultivar Tropic Sun from Hawaii. The results demonstrate the potential economic viability of early flowering cultivars of sunn hemp as a cover crop alternative in Florida to improve soils in agricultural landscapes.

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“…ese results concur with those of Adler and Chase [42] who reported the germination inhibition of smooth amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and tomato (Solanum esculentum L.) where extracts and mulches of black sunnhemp were used. Black sunnhemp roots, leaves, stems, and seeds are known to contain several dehydropyrrolidizine alkaloids such as junceine, trichodesmine, isohemijunceines A, B, C, and acetyl isohenmijunceines [8]. Pilbeam and Bell [43] identified the nonprotein 5-hydroxy-2-aminohexanoic acid as the allelochemical responsible for the phytotoxic activity exhibited by black sunnhemp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weed suppression when cover crop residues are incorporated into the soil may occur via altered nutrient dynamics depending on several other factors including type of tillage used, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C : N) of the decomposing cover crop material, soil type, and the environment [5]. In addition, cover crops can suppress weeds by competing for resources [6], disruption of life cycles of crop bound and crop associated weeds [7], through resource and light competition [8,9], creation of soil conditions that promote seed decay and predation [10], and prevention of weed seed set and dispersal [5]. Furthermore, some cover crops such as stooling rye (Secale cereal L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and black sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) have demonstrated allelopathic activity [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic Potential of Green Manure Cover Crops on Germination and Early Seedling Development of Goose Grass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn] and Blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.)

Rugare

Pieterse

Mabasa

2021

International Journal of Agronomy

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Green manure cover crops (GMCCs), which are recommended for improving soil fertility, also have the potential of reducing weed populations in cropping systems through allelopathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight GMCCs on the germination and seedling development of two weeds of divergent morphology, namely, goose grass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn] and blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.). Aqueous leaf, stem, and root extracts of hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L), red sunnhemp [Crotalaria ochroleuca (G.) Don], showy rattlebox (Crotalaria grahamiana Wight & Arn.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), common rattlepod (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), tephrosia (Tephrosia vogelii L.), and black sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5% wv−1 were applied to weed seeds in Petri dishes to determine their effect on germination, radicle and plumule growth, and germination vigor index. The experimental design was 3(tissue types) ∗ 5(concentrations) treatment combinations replicated four times in a completely randomized design. In the pot study, 25 seeds of either goose grass or blackjack were planted separately in approximately 400 g of soil mixed with cover crop tissue powder at 1% concentration per pot. The experimental design was cover crop residues + control replicated four times in randomized complete blocks. There was a significant ( p < 0.05 ) extract ∗ concentration interaction on all germination parameters across all GMCCs. The different cover crop aqueous extracts differentially reduced all germination parameters of both weeds in the order leaf > stem > root extract except for radish root extracts being most inhibitory to all germination parameters of goose grass. The leaf, stem, and root soil-incorporated residues of GMCCs significantly ( p < 0.05 ) affected seedling emergence, dry weight, and vigor indices of both weeds. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the different GMCC tissues contain allelochemicals that inhibit the emergence of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds.

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Effect of sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) cutting date and planting density on weed suppression in Georgia, USA

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Sunn hemp planting date effect on growth, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value in southeastern Wyoming

Sunn hemp planting date effect on growth, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value in southeastern Wyoming

Flowering of the Cover Crop Sunn Hemp, Crotalaria juncea L.

Allelopathic Potential of Green Manure Cover Crops on Germination and Early Seedling Development of Goose Grass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn] and Blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.)

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