Sunn hemp planting date effect on growth, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value in southeastern Wyoming

Eberle, Carrie A.; Shortnacy, Lauren K. W.

doi:10.1002/csc2.20614

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, SP concentrations in sunn hemp were greatest at the first harvest and declined with successive harvesting. These results are congruent with previous research, as sunn hemp has previously been shown to have CP concentrations >20% (Eberle & Shortnacy, 2021; Lepcha & Naumann, 2021). Sunn hemp's decline in SP was likely related to a decrease in leaf/stem ratio as the plants grew, as reported by Lepcha et al.…”

Section: Forage Mass Sampling Protocols and Nutritive Value Analysessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, we observed a 270 lb DM acre −1 decrease in the sunn hemp forage mass between Harvests 2 and 3, likely due to freezing temperatures that occurred between these harvestings. Given its origins in the tropical/subtropical climates of India (Bhandari et al., 2016), sunn hemp's poor performance as a fall forage in our study is not entirely surprising, as recent research conducted in Wyoming suggests that at more northerly latitudes it may be better suited as a summer (May–August) forage (Eberle & Shortnacy, 2021).…”

Section: Forage Mass Sampling Protocols and Nutritive Value Analysesmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Identifying optimal early‐season harvest timing in annual fall forages

Billman¹,

Souza

Smith

et al. 2022

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Fall forage production in the northeastern United States is complicated by early onset of cool temperatures, limiting forage availability in cool-season perennials. Annual forages planted in late summer as cover crops or supplemental forage crops may fill this niche; however, data on their nutritive value over the short fall harvest window is lacking. This study compared six annual forage crops for their forage mass and nutritive value and identified optimal harvest times based on changes between forage mass and digestibility. Monocultures of canola (Brassica napus L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), spring triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum]), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea L.), and a mixture of all six species were sown in August of 2015 and 2016 then harvested at three time points (6, 8, and 10 weeks after planting [WAP]) over the fall (September-November). Canola, oat, and spring wheat had the greatest forage mass, while sunn hemp had the least across all harvests. Canola and forage radish had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in vitro true dry matter digestibilities (IVTDMd) across all harvests, while sunn hemp and the grasses declined in IVTDMd after first and second harvest.Forage mass of the fall mix was comparable to the highest yielding monoculture at third harvest only. Results suggest that forage brassicas can be harvested without compromising mass or nutritive value, while cereal grasses gained forage mass at the expense of nutritive value.Abbreviations: ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADL, acid detergent lignin; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; EE, ether extract; IVNDFd, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility; IVTDMd, in vitro true dry matter digestibility; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; NE L , net energy of lactation; NFC, nonfiber carbohydrates; SP, soluble crude protein; TDN, total digestible nutrients; WAP, weeks after planting.

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Section: Forage Mass Sampling Protocols and Nutritive Value Analysessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Forage Mass Sampling Protocols and Nutritive Value Analysesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Identifying optimal early‐season harvest timing in annual fall forages

Billman¹,

Souza

Smith

et al. 2022

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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“…An initial 30-day slow growth rate, as reported in other studies, seems typical for the crop regardless of growing environment (Eberle & Shortnacy, 2021;Schomberg et al, 2007;Srisaikham & Lounglawan, 2018). Under irrigated conditions, sunn hemp should be closely monitored during establishment as it is highly sensitive to excess water that could delay growth (Eberle & Shortnacy, 2021). This might allow producers to use irrigation water on more sensitive crops.…”

Section: Sunn Hemp Biomass Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…While some research has been done on the management of sunn hemp specifically in terms of planting and harvest date, further research on sunn hemp production in the NHP is needed (Lepcha et al., 2019; Eberle & Shortnacy, 2021; Srisaikham & Lounglawan, 2018). Here we test the hypothesis that an optimal initial harvest time and cutting height will maximize the total season biomass and nutrient accumulation of the cumulative initial and regrowth sunn hemp biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunn hemp biomass accumulation, regrowth, and nutritive value in response to harvest time and cutting height

Shortnacy

Eberle

Paisley

2023

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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The integrated crop‐livestock systems of the northern High Plains are lacking in annual legumes that meet the nutrient demands of beef cattle when alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is in limited supply. We investigated the biomass accumulation, regrowth biomass, and nutritive value of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in response to initial harvest day and cutting height in irrigated and dryland studies in Wyoming. Net biomass accumulations in 105‐day growing period were 4.4 tons acre−1 under irrigation and 0.7 tons acre−1 in dryland conditions. Initial harvest day after planting (iDAP) affected initial and regrowth biomass accumulation but did not affect net biomass accumulation in irrigated or dryland studies. Regrowth and net biomass accumulations were affected by cutting height in the irrigated study only. Nutritive value concentrations were significantly affected by iDAP in both irrigated and dryland studies. Under irrigation, net nutrient accumulation was not affected by iDAP but was significantly greater with a cutting height of 4.2 inches compared to 2.5‐ and 6‐inch heights. In contrast, the dryland study, net nutrient accumulation was not affected by cutting height but was higher in 55–105 iDAP than 45 iDAP. In the irrigated study, a cutting height of 4.2 inches produced net accumulations higher in both biomass accumulation and nutritive value. In the dryland study a harvest time of 55–105 iDAP produced the highest net accumulation regardless of harvest time or cutting height. Sunn hemp can be harvested once or twice in a 105‐day growing season to produce biomass and essential nutrients for livestock feeding.

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“…Among the available plant fibers, hemp is known for its lightweight and better mechanical strength leading to an impressive strength-to-weight ratio [ 7 , 8 ]. Its quicker growth and resilience to extreme weather add value to production and promotion [ 9 , 10 ]. However, plant-based materials suffer from the disadvantages such as their hydrophilicity which enable them to readily absorb moisture compromising their mechanical and other physical properties and resulting in reduced longevity [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction Effect of the Design Parameters on the Water Absorption of the Hemp-Reinforced Biocarbon-Filled Bio-Epoxy Composites

Dahal

Acharya

Dutta

2023

IJMS

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Natural fiber-reinforced composites perform poorly when exposed to moisture. Biocarbon has been proven to improve the water-absorbing behavior of natural fiber composites. However, the interaction effect of the design parameters on the biocarbon-filled hemp fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy composites has not been studied. In this study, the effects of the design parameters (pyrolysis temperature, biocarbon particle size, and filler loading) on the water absorptivity and water diffusivity of hemp-reinforced biopolymer composites have been investigated. Biocarbon from the pyrolysis of hemp and switchgrass was produced at 450, 550, and 650 °C. Composite samples with 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.% of biocarbon fillers of sizes below 50, 75, and 100 microns were used. The hemp fiber in polymer composites showed a significant influence in its water uptake behavior with the value of water absorptivity 2.41 × 10−6 g/m2.s1/2. The incorporation of biocarbon fillers in the hemp biopolymer composites reduces the average water absorptivity by 44.17% and diffusivity by 42.02%. At the optimized conditions, the value of water absorptivity with hemp biocarbon and switchgrass biocarbon fillers was found to be 0.72 × 10−6 g/m2.s1/2 and 0.73 × 10−6 g/m2.s1/2, respectively. The biocarbon at 650 °C showed the least composite thickness swelling due to its higher porosity and lower surface area. Biocarbon-filled hemp composites showed higher flexural strength and energy at the break due to the enhanced mechanical interlocking between the filler particles and the matrix materials. Smaller filler particle size lowered the composite’s water diffusivity, whereas the larger particle size of the biocarbon fillers in composites minimizes the water absorption. Additionally, higher filler loading results in weaker composite tensile energy at the break due to the filler agglomeration, reduced polymer-filler interactions, reduced polymer chain mobility, and inadequate dispersion of the filler.

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Sunn hemp planting date effect on growth, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value in southeastern Wyoming

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Identifying optimal early‐season harvest timing in annual fall forages

Identifying optimal early‐season harvest timing in annual fall forages

Sunn hemp biomass accumulation, regrowth, and nutritive value in response to harvest time and cutting height

The Interaction Effect of the Design Parameters on the Water Absorption of the Hemp-Reinforced Biocarbon-Filled Bio-Epoxy Composites

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