Effect of sulfonamide pollution on the growth of manure management candidate Hermetia illucens

Abstract

Antibiotics are commonly used in livestock and poultry farming. Residual antibiotics in manure may lead to antibiotic pollution of soil, surface water, and groundwater through land application and run-off rainfall. The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is a good candidate for manure management. We evaluated the effect of sulfonamide pollution on the growth of H . illucens . Four treatments were considered with a sulfonamide content in the feed of 0 (control group), 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg. The control larvae were fed without sulfonamide. Survival and development status of the individuals were recorded daily. The weights of the fifth instar larvae, prepupae, and pupae were checked. Antioxidant enzyme activity was determined with the fifth instar larvae. The results showed that a low (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) concentration of sulfonamides had no effects on larval survival, pupation, and eclosion of BSFs. A high sulfonamide concentration of 10 mg/kg had a significant effect on the survival of larvae and pupae and on the body weight of larvae, prepupae and pupae. Peak of the cumulated pupation rate and eclosion rate in the sulfonamide treatment of 10 mg/kg was very low. Pupation and eclosion in this group peaked later than that of the control and low sulfonamide concentration treatment groups (0.1 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg). Larvae from the sulfonamides group showed lower antioxidase activities than that of the control. In sulfonamide groups, the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethazine were not detected in the harvested prepupae. Only sulfadiazine was discovered in the sulfonamide treatments of 1 and 10 mg/kg. In conclusion, BSFs can tolerate certain concentrations of sulfonamide contamination.

Insects as food and feed, a new emerging agricultural sector: a review

“…The antibiotic sulphonamide may occur residually in manure. At low concentration (>1 mg/kg) there was no effect on larval survival, pupation and eclosion of black soldier fly larvae (Gao et al, 2019b). So, using black soldier fly larvae in composting likely impedes the spread of pharmaceuticals and pesticides into the environment.…”

Upcycling of manure with insects: current and future prospects

“…These data indicate that black soldier fly larvae can reduce some sulphonamides, but depending on the concentration, may be detrimental to black soldier fly growth and development, while harbouring residues through the prepupal stage. These data underscore the importance of caution when generalising data across all life stages and antibiotic classes (GAO et al, 2019).…”

“…Journal of Insects as Food and Feed range of ARGs and mechanisms. And recently, Gao et al (2019) measured life histories of 4-day old black soldier fly larvae fed with diet supplemented with sulphonamides (e.g. sulphamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, and sulfadiazine) in 0.1, 1 to 10 mg/kg concentrations, comparing to unsupplemented controls.…”

Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming

“…Accumulation of heavy metals (such as cadmium) and in the ecological restoration of BSF also limit its use in animal feed production [129]. However, Lalander et al [130] and Gao et al [131] assessed the accumulation of five types of antibiotics, including roxithromycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamonomethoxine (0.1-10 mg/kg). The results indicated the lack of accumulation of these antibiotics in BSF larvae.…”