Effect of Sugar versus Mixed Breakfast on Metabolic and Neurofunctional Responses in Healthy Individuals

Codella, Roberto; Benedini, Stefano; Paini, Stefano; Caumo, Andrea; Adamo, Michela; Terruzzi, Ileana; Ferrulli, Anna; Macrì, Concetta; Andreoni, Luca; Sterlicchio, Michele; Luzi, Livio

doi:10.1155/2017/9634585

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, BDNF can act via PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway and stimulates irisin secretion during skeletal muscle contraction. Irisin is produced by fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) cleavage 75 and is an exercise hormone capable of increasing energy expenditure by fat oxidation, browning of white fat tissue and promoting weight loss 35 , 38 , 84 , 85 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test

Murawska-Ciałowicz

Assis

Clemente

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study examined the effects of a nine-week intervention of four different high-intensity training modalities [high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity power training (HIPT), and high-intensity endurance training (HIET)] on the resting concentration of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In addition, we evaluated the BDNF responses to Graded Exercise Test (GXT) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) in men. Thirty-five healthy individuals with body mass index 25.55 ± 2.35 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into four training groups. During nine-weeks they completed three exercise sessions per week for one-hour. BDNF was analyzed before and after a GXT and WAnT in two stages: (stage 0—before training and stage 9—after nine weeks of training). At stage 0, an increase in BDNF concentration was observed in HIFT (33%; p < 0.05), HIPT (36%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (38%; p < 0.05) after GXT. Even though HIET showed an increase in BDNF (10%) this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At stage 9, higher BDNF levels after GXT were seen only for the HIFT (30%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (18%; p < 0.05) groups. Reduction in BDNF levels were noted after the WAnT in stage 0 for HIFT (− 47%; p < 0.01), HIPT (− 49%; p < 0.001), HIET (− 18%; p < 0.05)], with no changes in the HIIT group (− 2%). At stage 9, BDNF was also reduced after WAnT, although these changes were lower compared to stage 0. The reduced level of BDNF was noted in the HIFT (− 28%; p < 0.05), and HIPT (− 19%;p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, all groups saw an improvement in VO2max (8%; p < 0.001), while BDNF was also correlated with lactate and minute ventilation and selected WAnT parameters. Our research has shown that resting values of BDNF after nine weeks of different forms of high-intensity training (HIT) have not changed or were reduced. Resting BDNF measured at 3th (before GXT at stage 9) and 6th day after long lasting HITs (before WAnT at stage 9) did not differed (before GXT), but in comparison to the resting value before WAnT at the baseline state, was lower in three groups. It appears that BDNF levels after one bout of exercise is depended on duration time, intensity and type of test/exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test

Murawska-Ciałowicz

Assis

Clemente

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Incretin responses to carbohydrates in a meal are blunted when protein is consumed beforehand [ 60 ]. In either case, OGTT and mixed-meal tolerance tests show similar directional post-prandial gut hormone responses [ 61 , 62 ], with some alterations in magnitude of GLP-1 stimulation [ 63 ] and ghrelin suppression [ 64 ]. Another consideration is that gut hormones were measured at 0, 30, and 60 min of a 75 g OGTT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Aortic Waveforms with Gut Hormones following Continuous and Interval Exercise among Older Adults with Prediabetes

Battillo

Malin

2023

Metabolites

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Prediabetes raises cardiovascular disease risk, in part through elevated aortic waveforms. While insulin is a vasodilatory hormone, the gut hormone relation to aortic waveforms is less clear. We hypothesized that exercise, independent of intensity, would favor aortic waveforms in relation to gut hormones. Older adults (61.3 ± 1.5 yr; 33.2 ± 1.1 kg/m2) with prediabetes (ADA criteria) were randomized to undertake 60 min of work-matched continuous (CONT, n = 14) or interval (INT, n = 14) exercise for 2 wks. During a 180 min 75-g OGTT, a number of aortic waveforms (applanation tonometry) were assessed: the augmentation pressure (AP) and index (AIx75), brachial (bBP) and central blood pressure (cBP), pulse pressure (bPP and cPP), pulse pressure amplification (PPA), and forward (Pf) and backward pressure (Pb) waveforms. Acylated-ghrelin (AG), des-acylated ghrelin (dAG), GIP, and GLP-1active were measured, and correlations were co-varied for insulin. Independent of intensity, exercise increased VO2peak (p = 0.01) and PPA120min (p = 0.01) and reduced weight (p < 0.01), as well as AP120min (p = 0.02) and AIx75120min (p < 0.01). CONT lowered bSBP (p < 0.02) and bDBP (p < 0.02) tAUC180min more than INT. There were decreases dAG0min related to Pb120min (r = 0.47, p = 0.03), cPP120min (r = 0.48, p = 0.02), and AP120min (r = 0.46, p = 0.02). Declines in AG tAUC60min correlated with lower Pb120min (r = 0.47, p = 0.03) and cPP120min (r = 0.49, p = 0.02) were also found. GLP-1active 0min was reduced associated with lowered AP180min (r = 0.49, p = 0.02). Thus, while CONT exercise favored blood pressure, both intensities of exercise improved aortic waveforms in relation to gut hormones after controlling for insulin.

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“…Elevated glucose level and impaired glucose tolerance can affect the spatial learning and memory, which is associated with hippocampal apoptosis [ 49 – 52 ]. But in this study, we found that cPKC γ did not affect blood glucose level, demonstrating that the effect of cPKC γ on cognitive function is irrelevant to blood glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Protein Kinase C Isoforms Involved in Type 1 Diabetic Encephalopathy in Mice

Zheng

Wang

Han

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Diabetic encephalopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by impaired cognitive functions. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are rarely reported on diabetic encephalopathy, although they have been believed to play crucial roles in other diabetic complications. In this study, streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice were found to exhibit learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze test. Meanwhile, the expression of cPKCβII, nPKCε, and cPKCγ did not change in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum at 2 and 8 weeks after STZ injection. The nPKCε translocation to the membrane, where it is activated, was not altered in the above brain regions at 2 and 8 weeks after STZ injection. Nevertheless, cPKCβII translocation to the membrane was significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus at 8 weeks after STZ injection. The translocation of cPKCγ from the cytosol to the membrane was remarkably decreased in the hippocampus at 2 and 8 weeks and in the cortex and striatum at 8 weeks after STZ injection. In addition, deletion of cPKCγ aggravated the impairment of spatial learning and memory. In conclusion, our results suggest that the decrease in the activity of cPKCβII and cPKCγ, especially cPKCγ, may play key roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.

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Effect of Sugar versus Mixed Breakfast on Metabolic and Neurofunctional Responses in Healthy Individuals

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test

Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test

Relation of Aortic Waveforms with Gut Hormones following Continuous and Interval Exercise among Older Adults with Prediabetes

Identification of Protein Kinase C Isoforms Involved in Type 1 Diabetic Encephalopathy in Mice

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