Effect of Spacing and Fertilization on the Yield and Active Constituents of Milk Thistle,<i>Silybum marianum</i>

Omer, Elsayed A.; Refaat, Amal; Ahmed, S. S.; Kamel, A.; Hammouda, F. M.

doi:10.1300/j044v01n04_04

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Content of seed oil is important, since after extraction, blessed thistle seeds are used as feed for domestic animals (Potkanski et al 1991). The oil content in the seeds from our experiment varied from 18.4 to 26.2%, which is lower than that reported by Hamid et al (1983) and Omer et al (1993) and might be due to differences in the tested cultivars or to environmental conditions.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Herbicides for Weed Control in Blessed Thistle (Silybum Marianum)

2006

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Blessed thistle is an important medicinal crop in Europe and recently has become more significant in North America. A limiting factor in blessed thistle production is weed interference. Field experiments were conducted near Plovdiv, Bulgaria, to study the effect of selected herbicides on weed control, crop productivity, and crop quality. Seed yields of blessed thistle were increased with metribuzin alone at 0.5 kg ai/ha, pendimethalin alone 1.32 kg ai/ha, pendimethalin at 1.32 kg ai/ha plus metribuzin at 0.5 kg ai/ha, trifluralin at 0.84 kg ai/ha plus linuron at 1.0 kg ai/ha, and in the hand-weeded control compared to the nonweeded control (nontreated check). Pendimethalin and metribuzin were safe both alone and in combination for weed control in blessed thistle. Bentazon at 0.96 kg ai/ha inhibited blessed thistle development and reduced seed yields compared to the untreated check. Generally, weed control increased the content of silymarin and decreased the amount of seed oil. Overall, seeds contained 0.26 to 0.36% taxifolin, 0.69 to 0.99% silydianin plus silycristin, 1.31 to 1.78% silybin, and 0.27 to 0.39 % isosilybin.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Herbicides for Weed Control in Blessed Thistle (Silybum Marianum)

2006

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“…But it should be mentioned here, that some scientific studies report contradictory data to our results, that is to say that higher milk thistle seed yields were obtained under the narrow inter-row spacing (25 cm), while we obtained the maximum yields at the widest inter-row spacing treatments (60 cm). It has also been stated, that wider inter-row spacing is considered as worse treatment for seed yields, but not for the oil content in the seeds (Omer et al, 1993). Concerning the primary tillage depth, our results are in tune with some other studies reporting the maximum milk thistle seed yields were obtained under the plowing at a depth of 25-27 cm, comparative to the shallow tillage on 18-20 cm (Nikolaychenko et al, 2018).…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of agrotechnological elements on milk thistle (Silynum marianum) productivity

Vozhehova

Fedorchuk

Lavrynenko

et al. 2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The milk thistle is a highly valuable medicinal plant, widely used in treatment of liver diseases. Soil-climate conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine are favourable for crop cultivation. The goal of the study was to determine relations between milk thistle productivity and elements of cultivation technology, viz., primary tillage depth (14–16 and 20–22 cm), inter-row spacing (30, 45, 60 cm), timing of sowing (3rd decade of March, middle of April, 3rd decade of April) and mineral fertilizer application doses (no fertilizers, N45P45, N90P90). Field trials were carried out during the period from 2010 to 2012 on the irrigated lands of the Institute of Rice of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine by using the split plot design method in four replications. The climate of the territory of the trials is typical for the steppe zone. The soil type was dark-chestnut residual solonetz middle-loamy soil. We used the Yuhoslava variety of milk thistle in the trials. Cultivation technology was standard, excluding the studied factors. The results of the trials showed significant impact of all the studied cultivation technology elements on milk thistle seed and oil yields. The maximum average seed (1.66 t/ha) and oil (489 kg/ha) yields were obtained under the primary tillage at the depth of 20–22 cm, inter-row spacing of 60 cm, sowing in the 3rd decade of March, applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90P90. The highest input in seed and oil yields rise was made by the mineral fertilizers, which increased milk thistle productivity by 1.57 times comparatively with non-fertilized treatments. We also established a strong direct interrelationship between seed and oil yield: coefficient of determination was 0.96. Results of the current study are slightly limited, so further investigations in the field of milk thistle cultivation technology development and improvement are required to provide Ukrainian farmers with scientifically grounded agrotechnology of this valuable medicinal plant.

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“…Silymarin levels and individual silymarin components were affected by water availability and nitrogen levels [12]. Seed yield and silymarin content can also affected by row spacing [20]. Moreover, asynchronous flowering and achene shedding are also major problems in milk thistle cultivation which causes increasing in crop losses [21].…”

Section: Problems Associated With Conventional Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro culture, transformation and genetic fidelity of Milk Thistle

Rady

Sakr

Matter

2018

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

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This review article presents a consolidated explanation and provides a comprehensive description of various studies, carried out on in vitro culture and hairy root cultures of S. marianum which can be consider an alternative source of flavonolignans. To overcome the constrains of conventional propagation of silybum plant, tissue culture and advanced biotechnology proved to be an influential tool that can complement conventional breeding and accelerate silybum development. The present review is focused on biotechnological tools like in vitro culture, hairy root cultures and genetic fidelity of S. marianum which can be a potent tool for production of secondary metabolites from these cultures.

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Effect of Spacing and Fertilization on the Yield and Active Constituents of Milk Thistle,Silybum marianum

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Herbicides for Weed Control in Blessed Thistle (Silybum Marianum)

Herbicides for Weed Control in Blessed Thistle (Silybum Marianum)

Effect of agrotechnological elements on milk thistle (Silynum marianum) productivity

In vitro culture, transformation and genetic fidelity of Milk Thistle

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