Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України УСИК Л.О.-кандидат сільськогосподарських наук https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-0758 Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України ЖУПИНА А.Ю.-аспірант https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3630-7579 Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України ЛАВРИНЕНКО Ю.О.-доктор сільськогосподарських наук https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-8793 Інститут зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України
The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.
Aim. The search of adaptive response peculiarities to adverse environmental factors is an important condition of development of varietal technologies and control of adaptive potential of winter wheat varieties. Methods. The studies were carried out in accordance with the field test methodology. The wheat varieties of different types of growing, different genetic and ecological origins were studied. Results. In our studies, plasticity index (bi) of most winter wheat varieties was close to one and higher under various growing conditions. The yield advantage of a number of varieties was mainly in favourable weather conditions, and in unfavourable conditions yields were low. Varieties that are more resistant to stressful conditions (Askaniis`ka, Kuialnyk, Klarisa, Driada) were characterised by relatively low response to changes of growing conditions, their regression factor was less than one and kept reducing, their resistance to unfavourable conditions were increased. Conclusions. If severe stress limits in environmental conditions are expected, it is necessary to grow and use the winter wheat varieties with increased stability of yielding capacity in selection (Khersonska bezosta, Khersonska 99, Znakhidka odes`ka, Askaniis`ka, Klarisa (facultative). Keywords: winter wheat, plasticity, stability, yielding capacity.
The monograph contains research results obtained during 2016–2020 in the NAAS Re- search Programm 10 (PND 10) «Biotekhnika». Part 1 is devoted to the problems of scientific, engineering and technological support of the microbial and entomological preparations manu- facturing systems for crop protection from pests and diseases, as well as theoretical and practical foundations of such preparations creation. The monograph is intended for crop protection specialists, managers, engineers and tech- nologists of microbial and entomological factories, biolaboratories’ men, researchers, professors and students of agrarian, biological and engineering universities and colleges.
Aim. To determine optimal doses of mineral fertilizers taking into consideration biological specifi cities of new maize hybrids of different FAO groups in irrigation conditions of the southern Ukraine and to trace their impact on the formation of grain productivity of plants. Methods. The fi eld method was used to study the in- teraction of the investigated object and both experimental and environmental factors via the registration of the yield volume and biometric measurements; the laboratory method was used to determine soil humidity, humidity content in grain and quality indices of grain; the statistical method was used to estimate the reli- ability of the results obtained; and the computational method was used in economic and energetic estimation of the employed cultivation techniques. Results. The yield of maize grain of 13–15.42 t per ha on condition of irrigation and introduction of the estimated amount of mineral fertilizer N 240 P 0 K 0 is registered for hybrids of mid-ripening and middle-late groups – Azov, Krasyliv 357 MB, Sokolov 407 MB, Bystrytsia 400 MB. Without irrigation, the highest yield is remarkable for the hybrids of early-ripening and middle-early groups – Tendra, April 187 MB, Syvash, Orzhytsia 237 MB (grain yield of 3.15–3.39 t per ha). Conclusions. The following hy- brids are recommended for cultivation on condition of irrigation of dark-chestnut soils of the southern steppe of Ukraine: early-ripening Tendra, middle-early – Orzhytsia 237 MB, mid-ripening – Krasyliv 357 MB, and middle-late – Bystrytsia 400 MB, with the introduction of the estimated dose of the mineral fertilizers, defined by the difference between the amount of nutritious elements, required for the formation of productivity of the desired level and their content in the soil of a specific plot.
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