Effect of Smelling Green Tea Rich in Aroma Components on EEG Activity and Memory Task Performance

Yoto, Ai; Nakamura, Yoriyuki; Yokogoshi, Hidehiko; Katsuno, Tsuyoshi; Moriyama, Tsuyoshi; Nakayama, Tsutomu

doi:10.1109/icbake.2013.15

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similarly, green and white tea consumption decreased levels of salivary chromogranin A (CgA), an ANS-mediated indicator of stress level, among university students ( n = 18) performing mental stress load tasks in a randomized cross-over design study [42]. CgA was also found to decrease in two studies that exposed university students to the aromas of black or green tea prior to taking 30-min mental stress load tasks [43,44]. The inhalation of both types of tea aroma induced lower CgA levels following stress load tasks.…”

Section: Mechanistic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

Rothenberg

Zhang

2019

Nutrients

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This article is a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of regular tea consumption. Meta-data supplemented with recent observational studies were first analyzed to assess the association between tea consumption and depression risk. The literature reported risk ratios (RR) were 0.69 with 95% confidence intervals of 0.62–0.77. Next, we thoroughly reviewed human trials, mouse models, and in vitro experiments to determine the predominant mechanisms underlying the observed linear relationship between tea consumption and reduced risk of depression. Current theories on the neurobiology of depression were utilized to map tea-mediated mechanisms of antidepressant activity onto an integrated framework of depression pathology. The major nodes within the network framework of depression included hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, inflammation, weakened monoaminergic systems, reduced neurogenesis/neuroplasticity, and poor microbiome diversity affecting the gut–brain axis. We detailed how each node has subsystems within them, including signaling pathways, specific target proteins, or transporters that interface with compounds in tea, mediating their antidepressant effects. A major pathway was found to be the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, up-regulated by a number of compounds in tea including teasaponin, L-theanine, EGCG and combinations of tea catechins and their metabolites. Black tea theaflavins and EGCG are potent anti-inflammatory agents via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling. Multiple compounds in tea are effective modulators of dopaminergic activity and the gut–brain axis. Taken together, our findings show that constituents found in all major tea types, predominantly L-theanine, polyphenols and polyphenol metabolites, are capable of functioning through multiple pathways simultaneously to collectively reduce the risk of depression.

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Section: Mechanistic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

Rothenberg

Zhang

2019

Nutrients

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“…In fact, thanks to the increasing shared knowledge and recent scientific evidence produced by the neuroscientific community, behavioural neuroscience is experiencing an exponential growth in terms of applied research [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Recently, new terms have been coined, such as Neuroergonomics, Neuromarketing, Neuroaesthetics, and others, to include the new neuroscientific disciplines that aim at investigating neurophysiological correlates of humans’ behaviour at work [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], including driving a car [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], watching television [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], having a sensorial experience [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], and in any other activity of daily life. In the context of applied neurosciences, when physiological signals are acquired in real environments, several factors work against the ease of participant recruitment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sample Size Matters: To What Extent the Participant Reduction Affects the Outcomes of a Neuroscientific Research. A Case-Study in Neuromarketing Field

Vozzi

Ronca

Aricò

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The sample size is a crucial concern in scientific research and even more in behavioural neurosciences, where besides the best practice it is not always possible to reach large experimental samples. In this study we investigated how the outcomes of research change in response to sample size reduction. Three indices computed during a task involving the observations of four videos were considered in the analysis, two related to the brain electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and one to autonomic physiological measures, i.e., heart rate and skin conductance. The modifications of these indices were investigated considering five subgroups of sample size (32, 28, 24, 20, 16), each subgroup consisting of 630 different combinations made by bootstrapping n (n = sample size) out of 36 subjects, with respect to the total population (i.e., 36 subjects). The correlation analysis, the mean squared error (MSE), and the standard deviation (STD) of the indexes were studied at the participant reduction and three factors of influence were considered in the analysis: the type of index, the task, and its duration (time length). The findings showed a significant decrease of the correlation associated to the participant reduction as well as a significant increase of MSE and STD (p < 0.05). A threshold of subjects for which the outcomes remained significant and comparable was pointed out. The effects were to some extents sensitive to all the investigated variables, but the main effect was due to the task length. Therefore, the minimum threshold of subjects for which the outcomes were comparable increased at the reduction of the spot duration.

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“…The “like,” “tasty,” and the “familiar” VAS scores for water were significantly lower than those for the two tea aroma samples. An odor study using green tea reported that green tea odor which had higher scores in “familiar” and “tasty” and a lower score in “dislike” caused a less anxious emotional state with a decline of right frontal cortical activity [ 13 ]. Thus, the positive feelings toward the two tea aroma samples in this study could have similarly contributed to the lower stress level after U-K tests indicated from the CgA results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the tea aroma constituents, such as green odor and linalool, have been shown to have an anti-stress effect in animal and human studies [ 6 – 11 ]. Recently, green tea studies found that smelling green tea induces a positive emotion reflected by increased subjective ratings for relaxed feelings, elevated band power of alpha or/and beta in the frontal cortical region, and improved mental task performance [ 12 , 13 ]. Jasmine tea aroma was reported to have sedative effects and activated the parasympathetic nerve [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-A after arithmetic tasks

Yoto

Fukui

Kaneda

et al. 2018

J Physiol Anthropol

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BackgroundGrowing attention has been paid to the effects of food flavor components on alleviating negative brain functions caused by stressful lifestyles. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effect of two kinds of black tea aromas on physical and psychological stress induced by the Uchida-Kraepelin test, based on salivary chromogranin-A (CgA) levels as a stress marker and subjective evaluations (Profile of Mood States).ResultsCompared with the water exposure control, inhaling black tea aroma (Darjeeling and Assam in this study) induced lower salivary CgA concentration levels after 30 min of mental stress load tasks. This anti-stress effect of black tea aroma did not differ between the two tea types even though the concentration of the anti-stress components in the Darjeeling tea aroma was higher than that in the Assam aroma. However, Darjeeling tea aroma tended to decrease the tension and/or anxiety score immediately after the first exposure.ConclusionsInhaling black tea aroma may diminish stress levels caused by arithmetic mental stress tasks, and Darjeeling tea aroma tended to improve mood before mental stress load.

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Effect of Smelling Green Tea Rich in Aroma Components on EEG Activity and Memory Task Performance

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

The Sample Size Matters: To What Extent the Participant Reduction Affects the Outcomes of a Neuroscientific Research. A Case-Study in Neuromarketing Field

Black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-A after arithmetic tasks

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