Black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-A after arithmetic tasks

Yoto, Ai; Fukui, Natsuki; Kaneda, Chisa; Torita, Shoko; Goto, Keiichi; Nanjo, Fumio; Yokogoshi, Hidehiko

doi:10.1186/s40101-018-0163-0

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similarly, green and white tea consumption decreased levels of salivary chromogranin A (CgA), an ANS-mediated indicator of stress level, among university students ( n = 18) performing mental stress load tasks in a randomized cross-over design study [42]. CgA was also found to decrease in two studies that exposed university students to the aromas of black or green tea prior to taking 30-min mental stress load tasks [43,44]. The inhalation of both types of tea aroma induced lower CgA levels following stress load tasks.…”

Section: Mechanistic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

2019

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This article is a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of regular tea consumption. Meta-data supplemented with recent observational studies were first analyzed to assess the association between tea consumption and depression risk. The literature reported risk ratios (RR) were 0.69 with 95% confidence intervals of 0.62–0.77. Next, we thoroughly reviewed human trials, mouse models, and in vitro experiments to determine the predominant mechanisms underlying the observed linear relationship between tea consumption and reduced risk of depression. Current theories on the neurobiology of depression were utilized to map tea-mediated mechanisms of antidepressant activity onto an integrated framework of depression pathology. The major nodes within the network framework of depression included hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, inflammation, weakened monoaminergic systems, reduced neurogenesis/neuroplasticity, and poor microbiome diversity affecting the gut–brain axis. We detailed how each node has subsystems within them, including signaling pathways, specific target proteins, or transporters that interface with compounds in tea, mediating their antidepressant effects. A major pathway was found to be the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, up-regulated by a number of compounds in tea including teasaponin, L-theanine, EGCG and combinations of tea catechins and their metabolites. Black tea theaflavins and EGCG are potent anti-inflammatory agents via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling. Multiple compounds in tea are effective modulators of dopaminergic activity and the gut–brain axis. Taken together, our findings show that constituents found in all major tea types, predominantly L-theanine, polyphenols and polyphenol metabolites, are capable of functioning through multiple pathways simultaneously to collectively reduce the risk of depression.

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Section: Mechanistic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

2019

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“…They observed in humans that partner body odor reduced subjective discomfort during a stressful event, as compared with the odor of oneself, which suggests that partner odor is a scent of security, especially for attachment-secure adults. Yoto et al [ 81 ] investigated the alleviating effect of black tea aroma on physical and psychological stress in humans that is induced by the Uchida–Kraepelin test, based on salivary chromogranin-A (CgA) levels as a stress marker and subjective evaluations. It was observed that inhaling black tea aroma can reduce stress levels, and Darjeeling tea aroma tends to improve mood before exposure to mental stress.…”

Section: Olfaction and Stress Response In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology

et al. 2021

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The stress response in the brain is not fully understood, although stress is one of the risk factors for developing mental disorders. On the other hand, the stimulation of the olfactory system can influence stress levels, and a certain smell has been empirically known to have a stress-suppressing effect, indeed. In this review, we first outline what stress is and previous studies on stress-responsive biomarkers (stress markers) in the brain. Subsequently, we confirm the olfactory system and review previous studies on the relationship between smell and stress response by species, such as humans, rats, and mice. Numerous studies demonstrated the stress-suppressing effects of aroma. There are also investigations showing the effects of odor that induce stress in experimental animals. In addition, we introduce recent studies on the effects of aroma of coffee beans and essential oils, such as lavender, cypress, α-pinene, and thyme linalool on the behavior and the expression of stress marker candidates in the brain. The transfer of volatile components into the brain is also discussed while using the results of thyme linalool as an example. These studies may provide a good opportunity to connect chemical research at the molecular level with neuropharmacological approaches in the future.

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“…Essential oils have been used to regulate autonomic nervous activity, control depression, anxiety, cognitive disorders, insomnia, and stress-related disorders 1 – 5 . Several studies conducted at various stages in vitro to in vivo have suggested the pharmacological effects of inhaled components in essential oils 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of inhaled volatile β-caryophyllene and dynamic changes of liver metabolites in mice

Takemoto

Kishi

Yoshioka³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Abstractβ-caryophyllene (BCP), an essential oil component of many herbs and spices, has various biological activities as a functional food factor. A distinct feature of BCP is its volatile double-ring sesquiterpene structure. Orally administered BCP is reportedly detected in its intact form in mice serum; however, the distribution of inhaled volatile BCP throughout the body remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the distribution properties of inhaled volatile BCP and to investigate its effects on metabolism. After mice were exposed to volatile BCP, it was detected in the lung, olfactory bulb, brain, serum, heart, liver, kidney, epididymal fat, and brown adipose tissue. BCP was further detected in the brain, liver, and brown adipose tissue 24 h after exposure. Metabolites related to glutathione metabolism were significantly altered in the liver. These results suggest that inhaled volatile BCP is widely distributed in murine tissues and affects the dynamics of metabolites in the liver.

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Black tea aroma inhibited increase of salivary chromogranin-A after arithmetic tasks

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption

Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology

Distribution of inhaled volatile β-caryophyllene and dynamic changes of liver metabolites in mice

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