Effect of site of starch digestion on portal nutrient net fluxes in steers

Nozière, Pierre; Rémond, Didier; Lemosquet, Sophie; Chauveau, Béatrice; Durand, Denys; Poncet, C.

doi:10.1079/bjn20051481

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…The supplemental energy arising from postruminal starch digestion is beneficial to body adipose and protein retention (Reynolds 2006). The net portaldrained viscera release of ammonia was decreased with increasing duodenal starch flow (Noziere et al 2005). The concentration of blood urea N is highly correlated with the urinary N excretion rate (Kohn et al 2005).…”

Section: Doi: 1017221/8666-cjasmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Subacute ruminal acidosis and acute ruminal acidosis are severe metabolic diseases in high-producing ruminants, which originate from excessively low doi: 10.17221/8666-CJAS rumen pH due to the load of VFA. As a result, many attempts have been made to modify the nature and amount of starch available to rumen microbiota so as to shift part of starch digestion to the hindgut for the improvement of animal performance and feed efficiency as well as the absence of impairing animal health (Noziere et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary starch types on rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Tan³

2016

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study was to investigate how feeding a diet containing a type of purified starch entirely produced from normal or high amylose maize grains would affect rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats. Twenty rumen-cannulated growing goats were assigned equally to one of two dietary treatments according to a randomized controlled trial design and fed two total mixed rations with similar ingredients and chemical composition except for the types of purified maize starch. One type was the high amylose starch (HAS), and the other was the normal amylose starch (NAS). Compared to goats fed the NAS diet, goats fed the HAS diet had significantly higher ruminal pH (P = 0.00), molar proportions of acetate (P = 0.00), butyrate (P = 0.01) and isobutyrate (P = 0.00), acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.00), plasma concentrations of glucose (P = 0.02) and C-reactive protein (P = 0.03), and plasma levels of insulin (P = 0.03) and gastrin (P = 0.04), but had significantly lower ruminal concentrations of lactate (P = 0.04) and total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.04), propionate molar percentage (P = 0.00), whole blood ammonia concentration (P = 0.02), plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen (P = 0.00) and creatinine (P = 0.02), plasma levels of glucagon (P = 0.02) and motilin (P = 0.04), and plasma activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (P = 0.02) and creatine kinase (P = 0.03). In addition, the HAS diet in comparison to the NAS diet tended to raise whole blood hematocrit (P = 0.08), plasma concentrations of albumin (P = 0.09), branched-chain amino acids (P = 0.09), valine (P = 0.09), phenylalanine (P = 0.08) and proline (P = 0.07), plasma levels of growth hormone (P = 0.06) and interleukin-2 (P = 0.07), and plasma α-amylase (P = 0.05) activity in goats. In conclusion, results showed that feeding goats the HAS diet instead of the NAS diet had multiple beneficial effects.

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Section: Doi: 1017221/8666-cjasmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary starch types on rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Tan³

2016

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…This is partly due to increased use of arterial glucose by PDV (Janes et al, 1985). However, with conventionally fed animals, this appears not associated with an increase in oxygen consumption by PDV (Reynolds et al, 1998;Noziè re et al, 2005), suggesting that other substrates are conserved (Huntington et al, 2006). Within the PDV, the mesentericdrained viscera (MDV) are the main users of arterial glucose, contributing to 70% of glucose uptake, as observed with non-starchy diet .…”

Section: Metabolism Of Vfa and Glucose By Portal-drained Visceramentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate quantitative digestion and absorption in ruminants: from feed starch and fibre to nutrients available for tissues

Nozière

Ortigues-Marty

Loncke

et al. 2010

Animal

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Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in ruminants. Their site, extent and kinetics of digestion highly impact the amount and profile of nutrients delivered to peripheral tissues, and the responses of the animal, i.e. ingestion, efficiency of production, N and methane excretion, quality of products and welfare. Development of multi-objective feed evaluation systems thus requires a more integrated quantitative knowledge on carbohydrate digestion and yield of terminal products, as well as on their metabolism by splanchnic tissues. The objective of this paper is to review (i) quantitative knowledge on fibre, starch and sugar digestion, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and glucose production and splanchnic metabolism and (ii) modelling approaches which aim at representing and/or predicting nutrient fluxes in the digestive tract, portal and hepatic drainage. It shows that the representation of carbohydrate digestion and VFA yield is relatively homogeneous among models. Although published quantitative comparisons of these models are scarce, they stress that prediction of fibre digestion and VFA yield and composition is still not good enough for use in feed formulation, whereas prediction of microbial N yield and ruminal starch digestion seems to be more satisfactory. Uncertainties on VFA stoichiometric coefficients and absorption rates may partly explain the poor predictions of VFA. Hardly any mechanistic models have been developed on portal-drained viscera (PDV) metabolism whereas a few exist for liver metabolism. A qualitative comparison of these models is presented. Most are focused on dairy cows and their level of aggregation in the representation of nutrient fluxes and metabolism highly differs depending on their objectives. Quantitative comparison of these models is still lacking. However, recent advances have been achieved with the empirical prediction of VFA and glucose production and fluxes through PDV and liver based on the current INRA feed evaluation system. These advances are presented. They illustrate that empirical prediction of ruminal VFA and intestinal glucose production can be evaluated by comparison with measured net portal net fluxes. We also illustrate the potential synergy between empirical and mechanistic modelling. It is concluded that concomitant empirical and mechanistic approach may likely help to progress towards development of multi-objective feed evaluation systems based on nutrient fluxes.

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“…The results of present study and previous reports indicated that net PDV flux of ammonia-N might be affected by starch source and the processing of grain. Net PDV flux of ammonia-N was positively related to the ruminal ammonia-N concentration (Nozière et al, 2005). Therefore, the difference in net PDV flux of ammonia-N in goats between maize and wheat diets suggested there was difference in the ruminal ammonia-N concentration in goats fed maize and wheat diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In the present study, the net PDV ammonia-N flux of goats in wheat diet was higher than that of goats in maize diet. Nozière et al (2005) reported that portal net appearance of ammonia tended to decrease from 108 to 73 mmol/h when steers were fed the diets based on wet and ground maize, and the diets based on dry and cracked maize, respectively. The results of present study and previous reports indicated that net PDV flux of ammonia-N might be affected by starch source and the processing of grain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net nutrient flux in visceral tissues of goats fed diets based on maize or wheat

Sun

Hu²,

Liu³

et al. 2011

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary starch sources on the net portaldrained viscera (PDV) flux of metabolites in goats fed diets based on maize and wheat, respectively. Eight 8-month-old Liuyang Black wether goats, with catheters surgically in the mesenteric vein, the portal vein and the carotid artery, were assigned to one of two diets for determination of net nutrient flux across the PDV. There were no differences (P>0.05) in plasma concentrations of glucose and ammonia-nitrogen (N) in the portal vein and carotid artery, and net PDV flux of glucose and urea-N between maize diet and wheat diet. The portal plasma urea-N concentration and net PDV flux of ammonia-N of goats fed maize diet were lower (P<0.05) than those of goats fed wheat diet. Plasma concentrations in the portal vein and carotid artery and net PDV flux of certain essential amino acids of goats fed maize diet were higher (P<0.05) than those of goats fed wheat diet. The results of this study suggested that dietary starch source could affect N absorption and utilization in goats.

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Effect of site of starch digestion on portal nutrient net fluxes in steers

Cited by 15 publications

References 64 publications

Effects of dietary starch types on rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats

Effects of dietary starch types on rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats

Carbohydrate quantitative digestion and absorption in ruminants: from feed starch and fibre to nutrients available for tissues

Net nutrient flux in visceral tissues of goats fed diets based on maize or wheat

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