Recent results of the searches for Supersymmetry in final states with one or two leptons at CMS are presented. Many Supersymmetry scenarios, including the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), predict a substantial amount of events containing leptons, while the largest fraction of Standard Model background events -which are QCD interactions -gets strongly reduced by requiring isolated leptons. The analyzed data was taken in 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately L = 1 fb −1 . The center-of-mass energy of the pp collisions was √ s = 7 TeV.

Developing effective immunotherapies with low toxicity and high tumor specificity is the ultimate goal in the battle against cancer. Here, we reported a cell-membrane immunotherapy strategy that was able to eliminate primary tumors and inhibited distant tumors by using natural killer (NK) cell membrane cloaked photosensitizer 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP)-loaded nanoparticles (NK-NPs). The proteomic profiling of NK cell membranes was performed through shotgun proteomics, and we found that NK cell membranes enabled the NK-NPs to target tumors and could induce or enhance pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages polarization to produce antitumor immunity. The TCPP loaded in NK-NPs could induce cancer cell death through photodynamic therapy and consequently enhanced the antitumor immunity efficiency of the NK cell membranes. The results confirmed that NK-NPs selectively accumulated in the tumor and were able to eliminate primary tumor growth and produce an abscopal effect to inhibit distant tumors. This cell-membrane immunotherapeutic approach offers a strategy for tumor immunotherapy.

Abstract:Nanoscale full-field (FF) transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and ensembleaveraged soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (soft XAS) were used to investigate stateof-charge (SOC) heterogeneities in electrochemically charged or discharged and chemically oxidized samples of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials. We observed considerable and similar non-uniformities in terms of Ni oxidation states (and, by proxy, lithium distributions) for all the samples in the bulk. Therefore, the chemically delithiated samples are similar to the electrochemically charged samples in terms of mesoscale charge heterogeneity in large polycrystalline particle ensembles. However, the gradient oxidation states of transition metals on the surface, which is partly responsible for the electrode degradation mechanism known as surface reconstruction, is much less apparent in chemically delithiated samples. T Response to ReviewersThe previous version of this paper was not sent out for peer review. Response to Reviewers Graphical AbstractClick here to download Graphical Abstract graphicalabstract.tif Charge Heterogeneity and Surface Chemistry in Polycrystalline Cathode Materials SummaryNanoscale full-field (FF) transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and ensemble-averaged soft Xray absorption spectroscopy (soft XAS) were used to investigate state-of-charge (SOC) heterogeneities in electrochemically charged or discharged and chemically oxidized samples of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials. We observed considerable and similar non-uniformities in terms of Ni oxidation states (and, by proxy, lithium distributions) for all the samples in the bulk. Therefore, the chemically delithiated samples are similar to the electrochemically charged samples in terms of mesoscale charge heterogeneity in large polycrystalline particle ensembles.However, the gradient oxidation states of transition metals on the surface, which is partly responsible for the electrode degradation mechanism known as surface reconstruction, is much less apparent in chemically delithiated samples.

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Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors. This important feature is associated with resistance to radio-chemotherapy, which results in poor prognosis and probability of tumor recurrence. Taking advantage of background-free NIR II fluorescence imaging and deeper-penetrating photoacoustic (PA) imaging, we developed a hypoxia-triggered and nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme-responsive single molecule probe for high-contrast NIR II/PA tumor imaging and hypoxia-activated photothermal therapy (PTT), which will overcome cellular resistance during hypoxia.Methods: The single molecule probe IR1048-MZ was synthesized by conjugating a nitro imidazole group as a specific hypoxia trigger with an IR-1048 dye as a NIR II/PA signal reporter. We investigated the NIR II fluorescence, NIR absorbance and photothermal effect in different hypoxia conditions in vitro, and performed NIR II/PA tumor imaging and hypoxia-activated photothermal therapy in mice.Results: This versatile molecular probe IR1048-MZ not only realized high-contrast tumor visualization with a clear boundary by NIR II fluorescence imaging, but also afforded deep-tissue penetration at the centimeter level by 3D PA imaging. Moreover, after being activated by NTR that is overexpressed in hypoxic tumors, the probe exhibited a significant photothermal effect for curative tumor ablation with no recurrence.Conclusions: We have developed the first hypoxia-triggered and NTR enzyme-responsive single molecule probe for high-contrast NIR II/PA tumor imaging and hypoxia-activated photothermal therapy. By tracing the activity of NTR, IR1048-MZ may be a promising contrast agent and theranostic formulation for other hypoxia-related diseases (such as cancer, inflammation, stroke, and cardiac ischemia).

Nature has always inspired robotic designs and concepts. It is conceivable that biomimic nanorobots will soon play a prominent role in medicine. The "Terminator" in the science fiction film is a cybernetic organism with living tissue over a metal endoskeleton, which inspired us to develop natural-killer-cell-mimic nanorobots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics (NK@AIEdots) by coating a natural kill cell membrane on an AIE-active polymeric endoskeleton, PBPTV, a highly bright NIR-II AIE-active conjugated polymer. Owing to the AIE and soft-matter characteristics of PBPTV, as-prepared NK@AIEdots maintained a superior NIR-II brightness (quantum yield ∼7.9% in water) and good biocompatibility. Besides, they can serve as a tight junction (TJ) modulator to trigger an intracellular signaling cascade, causing TJ disruption and actin cytoskeleton reorganization to form an intercellular "green channel" to help them to cross the blood−brain barrier (BBB) silently. Furthermore, they can initiatively accumulate in glioblastoma cells in the complex brain matrix for highcontrast and through-skull tumor imaging. The tumor growth was also greatly inhibited by these NK@AIEdots under the NIR light illumination. As far as we know, the quantum yield of PBPTV is the highest among the existing NIR-II luminescent conjugated polymers. Besides, the NK-cell biomimetic nanorobots showed great potential for BBB-crossing active delivery.

Controversial evidence of CO2‐responsiveness of isoprene emission has been reported in the literature with the response ranging from inhibition to enhancement, but the reasons for such differences are not understood. We studied isoprene emission characteristics of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) grown under ambient (380 μmol mol−1) and elevated (780 μmol mol−1) [CO2] to test the hypothesis that growth [CO2] effects on isoprene emission are driven by modifications in substrate pool size, reflecting altered light use efficiency for isoprene synthesis. A novel in vivo method for estimation of the pool size of the immediate isoprene precursor, dimethylallyldiphosphate (DMADP) and the activity of isoprene synthase was used. Growth at elevated [CO2] resulted in greater leaf thickness, more advanced development of mesophyll and moderately increased photosynthetic capacity due to morphological “upregulation”, but isoprene emission rate under growth light and temperature was not significantly different among ambient‐ and elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants independent of whether measured at 380 μmol mol−1 or 780 μmol mol−1 CO2. However, DMADP pool size was significantly less in elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants, but this was compensated by increased isoprene synthase activity. Analysis of CO2 and light response curves of isoprene emission demonstrated that the [CO2] for maximum isoprene emission was shifted to lower [CO2] in elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants. The light‐saturated isoprene emission rate (Imax,Q) was greater, but the quantum efficiency at given Imax,Q was less in elevated‐[CO2]‐grown plants, especially at higher CO2 measurement concentration, reflecting stronger DMADP limitation at lower light and higher [CO2]. These results collectively demonstrate important shifts in light and CO2‐responsiveness of isoprene emission in elevated‐[CO2]‐acclimated plants that need consideration in modeling isoprene emissions in future climates.

Bactrian camels serve as an important means of transportation in the cold desert regions of China and Mongolia. Here we present a 2.01 Gb draft genome sequence from both a wild and a domestic bactrian camel. We estimate the camel genome to be 2.38 Gb, containing 20,821 protein-coding genes. Our phylogenomics analysis reveals that camels shared common ancestors with other even-toed ungulates about 55–60 million years ago. Rapidly evolving genes in the camel lineage are significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, and these changes may underlie the insulin resistance typically observed in these animals. We estimate the genome-wide heterozygosity rates in both wild and domestic camels to be 1.0 × 10−3. However, genomic regions with significantly lower heterozygosity are found in the domestic camel, and olfactory receptors are enriched in these regions. Our comparative genomics analyses may also shed light on the genetic basis of the camel's remarkable salt tolerance and unusual immune system.