Effect of single alien chromosome from shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) on carbohydrate production in leaf blade of bunching onion (A. fistulosum L.)

Abstract

We used a complete set of Allium fistulosum -shallot ( A. cepa Aggregatum group) monosomic addition lines (FF+1A -FF+8A) to identify shallot chromosomes affecting the production of sugars. In the alien addition lines grown over two years in an experimental field at Yamaguchi University (34 ° N, 131 ° E), shallot chromosomes 2A and 8A altered sugar contents in leaf-bunching onion ( A. fistulosum ). Except for FF+2A, every monosomic addition accumulated nonreducing sugars in winter leaf blades. FF+8A caused an increase in the amounts of non-reducing sugars in the winter. FF+2A hardly produced non-reducing sugar throughout the two-year study. These results indicated that genes related to non-reducing sugar metabolism are located on the 2A and 8A chromosomes. The results of regression analyses using 2002 data on A. fistulosum and the monosomic addition set revealed a correlation (r = 0.63 ± 0.07; mean ± SE., n = 9) between reducing sugar and monosaccharide (Glc+Fru) contents but no correlation between non-reducing sugar and sucrose contents. This result indicates the existence of other polysaccharides (e.g., scorodose) as non-reducing sugars in the leaf blade.

Single Alien Chromosome Additions from Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) Increase Endogenous Polyphenol Contents in Japanese Bunching Onion

“…Previous studies of the seasonal change of sugar accumulation in the monosomic addition lines revealed that the sugar content in the green leaf tissues of monosomic addition lines decreased from spring to summer and then increased from autumn to winter (Hang et al, 2004;Yaguchi et al, 2008b). Bolting and flowering were observed in all plant materials between March and May during the term of this study.…”

“…The production of Lascorbic acid (vitamin C) in three monosomic additions (FF + 1A, FF + 2A, and FF + 8A) showed a significant increase than in A. fistulosum and the remaining five monosomic additions showed the same tendency as A. fistulosum (Yaguchi et al, 2008a). In the production of non-reducing sugar, including sucrose and fructan, FF + 8A showed significantly higher sucrose accumulation but FF + 2A hardly accumulated non-reducing sugar (Hang et al, 2004;Yaguchi et al, 2008b). Almost all monosomic addition lines showed a decrease of the content of S-alk(en)yl-L-cystein sulfoxides, which is known as a flavor precursor of Allium crops, compared with A. fistulosum (Yaguchi et al, unpublished data).…”

“…Two grams of green leaf tissue was extracted by 70% ethanol according to the method of Hang et al (2004). After the extract was adequately diluted with water, polyphenol contents were determined as described by Folin and Denis (1915), with minor modifications.…”

Genetic mapping of a major gene affecting onion bulb fructan content

“…The assignment of a major gene conditioning bulb non-reducing sugar content to onion chromosome 8 is supported by the recent findings of Hang et al (2004), who reported increased winter content of non-reducing sugars in A. fistulosum monosomic addition lines carrying shallot (A. cepa aggregatum group) chromosome 8. This suggests that the inbred lines developed in the present study and the addition lines developed by Shigyo et al (1997) will provide complementary genetic stocks for elucidating the biochemical phenotype and molecular nature of the Frc locus.…”

Characterization of Amino Acid and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine Sulfoxide Production in Japanese Bunching Onion Carrying an Extra Chromosome of Shallot

“…Studies using these lines have revealed that several lines with alien chromosomes showed different compositions of flavonoids (Masuzaki et al, 2006a, b;Shigyo et al, 1997b), ascorbic acid (Yaguchi et al, 2008a), polyphenols (Yaguchi et al, 2009), and carbohydrates (Hang et al, 2004;Yaguchi et al, 2008b). The results of these studies indicate that the biochemical analyses of eight MALs can define the chromosomal locations of genes or QTLs affecting biochemical component production in A. cepa.…”