Single Alien Chromosome Additions from Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) Increase Endogenous Polyphenol Contents in Japanese Bunching Onion

Abstract

Eight members of the Allium fistulosum L. -shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) monosomic addition line (2n = 17, FF + 1A-FF + 8A) proved to be very effective in revealing the effects of single alien chromosomes from A. cepa on the production of polyphenol in the green leaf tissues of A. fistulosum. The determination of polyphenol content in the green leaf tissue of these monosomic additions was carried out monthly from January 2002 to December 2003. Throughout the 2-year period, every monosomic addition accumulated polyphenols in green leaf tissues. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences, at the 1% level, in the polyphenol contents of the various monosomic addition types as well as in various months. Dunnett's test showed that four monosomic additions (FF + 2A, FF + 5A, FF + 6A, and FF + 8A) caused a greater increase in the amount of polyphenol content than did A. fistulosum. The levels of polyphenol accumulation in the remaining four monosomic additions and A. fistulosum were almost the same. A phenylalanine ammonialyase gene of shallot was allocated to chromosome 2A using two sets of the monosomic additions. These results indicate that the genes related to polyphenol production may be located on the 2A, 5A, 6A, and 8A chromosomes of shallot.

Characterization of Amino Acid and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine Sulfoxide Production in Japanese Bunching Onion Carrying an Extra Chromosome of Shallot

“…Studies using these lines have revealed that several lines with alien chromosomes showed different compositions of flavonoids (Masuzaki et al, 2006a, b;Shigyo et al, 1997b), ascorbic acid (Yaguchi et al, 2008a), polyphenols (Yaguchi et al, 2009), and carbohydrates (Hang et al, 2004;Yaguchi et al, 2008b). The results of these studies indicate that the biochemical analyses of eight MALs can define the chromosomal locations of genes or QTLs affecting biochemical component production in A. cepa.…”

Biochemical Analyses of the Antioxidative Activity and Chemical Ingredients in Eight DifferentAlliumAlien Monosomic Addition Lines

“…12,13) Polyphenol seemed to be the major contributor to the antioxidative activity of MALs and A. fistulosum. In previous studies, a small decrease in several chemical compounds, including polyphenol, has been reported in August 7,8,14,15) as well as the ORAC values found in this study. Shigyo et al have described that the growth rate of MALs and A. fistulosum, including the leaf extension speed, gradually decreased from the summer (August) to winter.…”

“…Different effects of a single alien chromosome addition have been apparent in the production of several chemicals in previous studies. 7,14,15,19) In the present and previous studies, 8) three MALs (FF+2A, FF+6A, and FF+8A) showed a higher polyphenol content than A. fistulosum; it therefore could be expected that the increased polyphenol content in A. fistulosum could be accomplished by alien chromosome addition from shallot. As a result, high ORAC values for FF+2A and FF+6A could be detected.…”

“…The total polyphenol and AsA contents were determined as described by Yaguchi et al 6,8) At the same time, a non-heated 70% ethanol extract of leaf blades was prepared to determine the antioxidative activities. Cold ethanol was substituted for hot ethanol for the nonheated 70% ethanol extraction.…”

Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene on the Expression of Genes for Ascorbate Metabolism in Postharvest Cauliflower

“…In recent years, in addition to investigations to improve the organoleptic qualities of plants, extensive efforts have been devoted to improving the nutrition contents of fruits and vegetables (Giovannoni, 2001;Ioannidi et al, 2009;Lee and Kader, 2000;Lo Scalzo et al, 2008;Ohkawa et al, 2009;Sugiyama et al, 2010;Yaguchi et al, 2009). AsA is one of the most important nutrients in plants and has many biological activities beneficial to humans and animals; however, AsA is sensitive to various factors, such as preharvest climatic conditions, harvesting methods, and postharvest treatments (Mori et al, 2009;Shigenaga et al, 2005).…”