Characterization of Amino Acid and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine Sulfoxide Production in Japanese Bunching Onion Carrying an Extra Chromosome of Shallot

Abstract

Eight Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.)-shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) monosomic addition lines (MALs, FF + 1A-FF + 8A) were used to reveal the effects of single alien chromosomes of A. cepa on the production of amino acids and S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (ACSOs) in leaf tissues of A. fistulosum. Amino acid and ACSO contents in MAL leaf blades were determined once every 3 months from August 2005 to May 2006. The amino acid found in the greatest amount in all of the MALs throughout the year was cysteine, except for FF + 7A accumulated glycine as the greatest amount of amino acid (Nov. 2005). All of the MALs contained three ACSOs in varying amounts and proportions, and all accumulated S-1-propenyl CSO as a major ACSO but hardly produced S-2-propenyl CSO throughout the year. FF + 3A showed greatly increased proportions of Smethyl CSO in total ACSO, suggesting that anonymous genes controlling S-methyl CSO production are located on chromosome 3A of shallot. High accumulation of total ACSOs in the monosomic additions FF + 3A, FF + 4A, FF + 5A, and FF + 8A was observed during different growth periods. Using PCR-based marker analysis, sulfate transporter, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APSR), serine acetyltransferase, O-acetylserine thiol-lyase, glutamylcysteine synthase, glutathione synthase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase candidate genes related to sulfur assimilation and ACSO biosynthesis were allocated to chromosomes 7A, 2A, 7A, 7A, 2A, 7A, and 4A, respectively. This result showed little association between the chromosomal locations of these genes and ACSO accumulation, suggesting that anonymous genes controlling ACSO accumulation were dispersed on the 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 7A, and 8A chromosomes of shallot. APSR gene expression was inhibited by 5A chromosome additions, suggesting that one of the regulatory genes was located on a 5A chromosome and inhibited APSR expression.

Integrating transcriptome and target metabolome variability in doubled haploids of Allium cepa for abiotic stress protection

“…Inheritance of genetic materials from shallot to the Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum) enhanced A. fistulosum's flavonoid profile, one major metabolites that interacts with abiotic stress (Masuzaki et al 2006), amino acid content and cysteine sulfoxide production during the summer season (Masamura et al 2011), sucrose and fructan content in the winter season (Yaguchi et al 2008), and shallot specific saponin compounds for fusarium basal rot resistance (Hoa et al 2012). These reports gave insight into the potentiality of shallot as a prospective genetic resource for the future breeding of onions toward biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.…”

Comparative Study on Phytochemical Variations in Japanese F₁ Varieties of Bulb Onions and South-East Asian Shallot Landraces

“…Solvent B: 60% acetonitrile and 40% high purity water (v/v) were mixed. The transmission of the gradient elution and the flow rate were obtained as described by Masamura et al (2011).…”

“…The supernatant was dissolved in 100 μL of 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.6, containing 5% acetonitrile. A quantitative analysis method using HPLC apparatus from Nihon Waters (Tokyo, Japan) followed the procedure described by Masamura et al (2011), with some minor modifications. The injection volume was 50 μL, and the column temperature was 43°C.…”

Biochemical Analyses of the Antioxidative Activity and Chemical Ingredients in Eight DifferentAlliumAlien Monosomic Addition Lines

“…Different effects of a single alien chromosome addition have been apparent in the production of several chemicals in previous studies. 7,14,15,19) In the present and previous studies, 8) three MALs (FF+2A, FF+6A, and FF+8A) showed a higher polyphenol content than A. fistulosum; it therefore could be expected that the increased polyphenol content in A. fistulosum could be accomplished by alien chromosome addition from shallot. As a result, high ORAC values for FF+2A and FF+6A could be detected.…”