Effect of simultaneous administration of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and anthrax vaccines on antibody response to FMD in sheep

Abstract

Purpose Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and anthrax are important diseases in sheep. Vaccination is a favorable strategy against both infections. Simultaneous administration of vaccines does generally not impede the immune responses of each other, although there are some exceptions, and it may help reduce the labor and costs of vaccination as well as distress on animals. Although oil adjuvant FMD vaccine has been tried with live anthrax vaccine in cattle, there are no reports on the simultaneous use of both vaccines in sheep. Materials and Methods In this study, FMD seronegative sheep were used to investigate the impact of the simultaneous vaccination of FMD and anthrax on FMD antibody titers of sheep. Virus neutralization test and liquid phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the antibody response to the FMD vaccine. Results The results demonstrated that both vaccines can be used simultaneously without any interference with the FMD response. Moreover, the simultaneous administration with anthrax vaccine had a stimulating effect on the early (day 7 post-vaccination) virus neutralization antibody response to the FMD vaccine. Conclusion The simultaneous use of the FMD and anthrax vaccines did not hinder the response to the FMD vaccine in sheep.

Immune response in dairy cattle against combined foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicemia vaccine under field conditions

“…These observations were similar to those of previous studies in which the FMD vaccine was combined or simultaneously administered with other vaccines such as vaccines administered for the bovine ephemeral fever [ 41 ], the rift valley fever [ 42 ], the combined rabies virus, P. multocida and Clostridium chauvoei antigens [ 43 ], and the rabies virus [ 44 ]. However, a synergistic effect has been reported with regard to the immunogenicity of both FMDV and various antigens [ 28 , 30 , 45 , 46 ]. Altogether, these results support the contention that the incorporation of various vaccines along with the FMD vaccine could be successfully developed for practical use with no impact on the immune response.…”

“…With regard to administering vaccinations in the livestock industry, cost-benefit analyses are very important [ 28 ]. Consequently, a combined vaccine would be extremely beneficial to this industry.…”

Şap hastalığı (FMD) ve üç gün hastalıklarına (BEF) karşı eş zamanlı aşılanmış sığırlarda bağışıklık yanıt

“…Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK 21-An-30) cells and African green monkey cell culture (Vero) were used for the production of FMD and BEF viruses with Glasgow Modified Essential Medium (G-MEM) containing 10% and %2 fetal calf serum (FCS) (Biochrom Cat no: S-0125) respectively. Both cell cultures were produced as monolayer in 25 cm 2 flasks in a 37 o C incubator containing 5% CO 2 (Çokçalışkan et al 2019;Ammerman et al 2008).…”

“…The animals were divided into 6 groups, including 10 cattle in each one. Group-1 (single FMD vaccination), 2 ml trivalent FMD vaccine was injected into 10 cattle subcutanously in the neck area (Çokçalışkan et al 2019;Sareyyüpoğlu et al 2019). The cattle in Group-2 (n=10) were vaccinated with the only 1 ml BEF autovaccine at the anterior leg of the chest area.…”

“…The cattle placed in group 3 (n=10) were vaccinated simultaneously by subcutaneous way with FMD and BEF autovaccine. PBS (2 ml) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior leg of the chest area of cattle in Group-4 (Negative control) (Çokçalışkan et al 2019;Erganiş et al 2010;Sareyyüpoğlu et al 2019) (Table 1). All vaccinated cattle were monitored to record clinical findings of body temperature, local lesions and appetite everyday.…”