Effect of sex-steroid hormones, testosterone and estradiol, on humoral immune parameters of gilthead seabream

Cuesta, Alberto; Vargas‐Chacoff, Luis; García-López, Ángel; Arjona, Francisco J.; Martı́nez-Rodrı́guez, Gonzalo; Meseguer, José; Mancera, Juan Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.015

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The total peroxidase content present in plasma was measured according to Cuesta et al (2007) with modification. Briefly, 10 µL of plasma was diluted with 100 µL of Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (Silybum Marianum) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Ahmadi¹,

Banaee²,

Vosoghei³

et al. 2012

Acta Icth et Piscat

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Ataeimehr B. 2012. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin extract (Silybum marianum) on some immune parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 42 (2): 113-120.Background. Herbal medicines are increasingly used for their effects on the immune system. Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans from the seed of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is used in treatment of liver disease, food and drug poising, and foetal diseases such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, and ischemia. Although, immunostimulant effects of the dietary silymarin were studied on different experimental animals, no information is available about the effects of silymarin on immune parameters of fish. The presently reported study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of silymarin on some immunological and haematological parameters of rainbow trout. Materials and methods. Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), were maintained in 1000 L fiberglass tanks at 15 ± 2ºC supplied with systems of water recirculation and aeration. Silymarin extract incorporated into diets (0.0, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8 g of per 1 kg of feed) of fish. The trout were fed silymarin-supplemented diet for 30 days. Haematological parameters, such as red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), differential leukocyte-and immunological parameters such as peroxidase, lysozyme, and complement activities, total protein, albumin and globulin levels were measured on day 7, 15, and 30 days of silymarin treatment. Results. The results indicated that oral administration of silymarin in fish, after 15 and 30 days of experimental periods, might enhance haematological and immunological parameters including lysozyme and complement activities, total protein and globulin levels, compared to the controls. Conclusion. The results suggest that oral administration of silymarin may be useful to strengthen the immune system in rainbow trout.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (Silybum Marianum) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Ahmadi¹,

Banaee²,

Vosoghei³

et al. 2012

Acta Icth et Piscat

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“…For example, 17-beta estradiol (E2) has been shown to induce lymphocyte proliferation and IgM production in some studies (Cook 1994;Suzuki et al 1996;Thilagam et al 2009) but other studies led to opposite conclusions (Wang and Belosevic 1994;Suzuki et al 1997;Hou et al 1999a;Hou and Han 2001;Cuesta et al 2007). Such inconsistent results have also been reported for sex steroid-like EDCs.…”

Section: Effects On Estrogens/androgens and Their Related Edcs On Immmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estrogen may also be an important modifier of the complement system, as many complement components (e.g. C1 and C3) are depressed after steroid treatment (Cuesta et al 2007;Moens et al 2007;Williams et al 2007). …”

Section: Innate Immune Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review

2011

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During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system in teleosts. Today, several molecules are known to interfere with the sex-steroid signaling. These chemicals are often referred to as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs). We review the growing evidence that these compounds interfere with the fish immune system. These studies encompass a broad range of approaches from field studies to those at the molecular level. This integrative overview improves our understanding of the various endocrine-disrupting processes triggered by these chemicals. Furthermore, the research also explains why fish that have been exposed to EDCs are more sensitive to pathogens during gametogenesis. In this review, we first discuss the primary actions of sex-steroid-like endocrine disruptors in fish and the specificity of the fish immune system in comparison to mammals. Then, we review the known interactions between the immune system and EDCs and interpret the primary effects of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) and their related endocrine disruptors on immune modulation. The recent literature suggests that immune parameters may be used as biomarkers of contamination by EDCs. However, caution should be used in the assessment of such immunotoxicity. In particular, more attention should be paid to the specificity of these biomarkers, the external/internal factors influencing the response, and the transduction pathways induced by these molecules in fish. The use of the well-known mammalian models provides a useful guide for future research in fish.

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“…The immune systems become suppressed by sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol-17β, at these stages. Although the use of immunostimulants could cause recovery of the immune systems suppressed by sex hormones, they may disturb sexual maturation and other essential functions associated with spawning, or may include sterility through polyploidy (Cuesta et al, 2007;Magnadóttir, 2010;Piferrer et al, 2009). On the other hand, the mere deleterious side-effects of immunostimulants have not been completely investigated.…”

Section: Risks and Benefits Using Immunostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System Drugs in Fish: Immune Function, Immunoassay, Drugs

Kum¹,

Sekkin²

2011

Recent Advances in Fish Farms

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Effect of sex-steroid hormones, testosterone and estradiol, on humoral immune parameters of gilthead seabream

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (<I>Silybum Marianum</I>) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, <I>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</I> (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Silymarin Extract (<I>Silybum Marianum</I>) on Some Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout, <I>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</I> (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review

The Immune System Drugs in Fish: Immune Function, Immunoassay, Drugs

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