Effect of selected fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal

Abstract

Abstract:The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal (CSM). Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD-1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group (substrate) was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol (FG), crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate.The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease (P<0.05) FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM (dry matter), respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, A. niger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA (total amino acids) contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA (essential amino acids) were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly (P<0.05). The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly (P<0.05).

Tissue lipid metabolism and hepatic metabolomic profiling in response to supplementation of fermented cottonseed meal in the diets of broiler chickens

“…O-phosphoserine is a product of carbon metabolism, and it is a precursor substance that forms many amino acids, such as glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, and methionine. The significant elevation of O-phosphoserine in the treatment groups showed that broilers fed the control diet needed to generate more amino acid by endogenous metabolism; that was different from the FCSM diet, which included lots of amino acid via microbial fermentation (Zhang et al, 2006;Tang et al, 2012). This was further supported by the decrease of 3-hydroxypyruvate and increase of glutamine or glycine.…”

“…The utilization of CSM is limited in poultry diets due to the presence of gossypol, a toxic polyphenol. However, to solve this problem, solid-state fermentation is an effective option (Zhang et al, 2006;. Additionally, CSM by solid-state fermentation improves nutrition characteristics (Zhang et al, 2006;Sun et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012) and produces many essential nutrients such as amino acids, small-size peptides, vitamins, and oligosaccharides .…”

“…However, to solve this problem, solid-state fermentation is an effective option (Zhang et al, 2006;. Additionally, CSM by solid-state fermentation improves nutrition characteristics (Zhang et al, 2006;Sun et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012) and produces many essential nutrients such as amino acids, small-size peptides, vitamins, and oligosaccharides . Yeast, a unicellular fungus, can be used as a microbial feed additive for preventing disease and encouraging growth (Koh et al, 2002).…”

Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, apparent digestibility, carcass traits, and meat composition in yellow-feathered broilers

“…For instance, CSM fermented with C. tropicalis and Aspergillus niger could increase the crude protein content and in vitro digestibility as well as markedly decrease the FG content (12,13). Additionally, fermentation of : Means within a row that have different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).…”

“…CSM was fermented by Candida tropicalis and C. tropicalis plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These strains could detoxify FG and improve the nutritional value in CSM in our previous study, and the strain C. tropicalis was more effective at detoxifying FG in CSM than S. cerevisiae (12,13). Considering the reduction of FG level, CSM was not treated with only S. cerevisiae.…”