Effect of salinity and sodicity stresses on physiological response and productivity inHelianthus annuus

Abstract

Soil salinity and sodicity (alkalinity) are serious land degradation issues worldwide that are predicted to increase in the future. The objective of the present study is to distinguish the effects of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 salinity in two concentrations on the growth, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, membrane integrity, total lipids, yield parameters and fatty acids (FAs) composition of seeds of sunflower cultivar Sakha 53. Plant growth, LOX activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were reduced by salts stresses. On the contrary, salinity and alkalinity stress induced stimulatory effects on membrane permeability, leakage of UV-metabolites from leaves and total lipids of sunflower shoots and roots. Crop yield (plant height, head diameter, seed index and number of seeds for each head) that is known as a hallmark of plant stress was decreased by increasing concentrations of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 in the growth media. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition of salt-stressed sunflower seeds varied with different levels of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 .

Comparative analysis of seed yield and biochemical attributes in different sunflower genotypes under different levels of irrigation and salinity

“…However, SFA unchanged in the most genotypes under limited irrigation while it was dependent on the stress level and the genotype under salinity in most of the genotypes. In accordance with our results, Farghaly et al (2016) indicated that salinity also increased SFA and PFA while decreased MFA in sunflower.…”

“…as well as seed and oil yields per fed were adversely affected by reducing irrigation (I2 and I3) and salinity stress (S1 and S2). Yield reduction in sunflower by drought and salinity stress was observed also by Hassan et al (2011) and Farghaly et al (2016). Our results revealed that the genotypes which showed the better growth under stress levels showed better yield and vis-versa.…”

“…The reduction in oil content could be due to the inhibition of lipid biosynthesis and/or induction of the activities of lipolytic and peroxidative enzymes (Gigon et al, 2004). The inhibition of lipid biosynthesis was validated earlier under water and salinity stress (Ali et al, 2009 andFarghaly et al, 2016). The hybrids H (A9xRF6) and H (A9xRF8) showed less reduction in oil content by both irrigation and salinity treatments and this candidate them for cultivation in stressed regions.…”

“…Although sunflower has been classified as moderately tolerant to salinity and tolerant to drought (Katerji et al, 2003 andAhmad et al, 2009), some sunflower growth stages as germination, flowering and seed filling are critical stages for experiencing stress (Howell et al, 2015). Sunflower growth as well as seed and oil yield are adversely affected by drought and salinity (Hammad et al, 2002;Flagella et al, 2004;Hassan et al, 2011 andFarghaly et al, 2016). However, some contradictory results about no changes in oil content due to water stress (Mozaffari & Arshi, 1996) or salinity (Francois, 1996) which could be possibly due to the different sunflower genotypes or the level of stress.…”

Boron Facilitates Rice Growth, Development, and Related Attributes Under Saline Soil Conditions

“…Hussain et al, 2018), wheat (Feizi et al, 2007), maize (Baghel et al, 2019;K. Kumar et al, 2017), barley (Tavakkoli et al, 2011), and sunflower (Farghaly et al, 2016;Flowers & Colmer, 2015) was reported with increased soil salinity.…”