Salinity is a severe environmental threat causing low productivity in field crops. Rice is a staple crop of the world whose yield and quality is highly affected by the salt content in the root zone. Nutrient management, however, is a key factor that can be used to boost rice production in saline soils. Boron (B), a micronutrient with diverse functions, plays a significant role in rice yield. However, little is known about the effects of B under saline conditions on the yield of rice components. ‘Swarna,’ is a local and salt-sensitive rice variety from Bangladesh. A field experiment was conducted in salt-treated soils to assess the possible functions of B for the improvement of ‘Swarna’ yield. The current study showed that B applications substantially improved the length and weight of panicles, number of tillers and grains, seed weight as well as the yield of grain and straw, indicating its role in rice production in saline environments.
The experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Field laboratory of Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh during the period from December 2020 to February 2021 to observe the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer on growth and yield of lettuce. The experiment comprised of two factors. Two inorganic fertilizers like different level of nitrogen and phosphorus viz; nitrogen-control 0 kgha-1 (N0), 100 kgha-1 (Nı), 150 kgha-1 (N2) and 200 kgha-1 (N3) and phosphorus-control 0 kgha-1 (P0), 50 kgha-1 (P1), 62.5 kgha-1 (P2) and 75 kgha-1 (P3). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Application of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly influenced the plant height, leaves number plant-1, leaf area, fresh leaf yield plant-1, gross yield, and dry matter content of lettuce. The maximum plant height, leaves number plant-1, leaf area, fresh leaf yield plant-1, gross yield and dry matter content were obtained with the application of 200 kg N ha-1. On the other hand, with the application of 75 kg P ha-1 the maximum plant height, leaves number plant-1, leaf area, fresh leaf yield plant-1, gross yield and dry matter content were found. In case of different treatment interaction, N3P3 (200 kg N ha-1 + 75 kg P ha-1) produced the highest gross yield (32.2 tha-1) and the lowest gross yield (16.11 tha-1) found from control treatment. Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 125-134
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is an economically promising fruit in Bangladesh. The cultivation of dragon fruit has increased fourfold within a decade due to its popularity. Recently, a new disease known as stem canker was reported in some plantations of dragon fruit in Bangladesh, which forced some farmers to abandon their cultivation. This study aimed to explore the morphological, molecular, and cultural characteristics as well as host range of the causal agent associated with this destructive disease. Morphologically similar eight fungal isolates were recovered from eight canker symptomatic dragon fruit stems. Among them, two isolates (namely BU-DLa 01 and BU-DLa 02) were used for a detailed study. Morphological parameters and phylogeny of sequence data of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2), β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α identified the isolates as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The cultural features were studied hinged on the growth of the two isolates on various media, temperature, and pH. Though the mycelial growth of the fungi was supported by all the media tested, potato dextrose agar was the most suitable one for both isolates. The fungi thrived well at a temperature of 25-35°C and 5.5-6.5 pH. Inoculation trials of dragon fruit stem ascertained Koch's postulate. In host range test, the isolates were found pathogenic toward mango, guava, banana, and the fruits of dragon fruit. These data will contribute not only to understanding the biology of L. theobromae as a newly recognized pathogen of H. polyrhizus but also will help in designing a proper management package against this pathogen.
Rhizoctonia crown rot and canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani and southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii are the two main devastating diseases that hamper carrot production greatly in Bangladesh. Indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides in controlling the pathogens also pollutes the environment, so an alternative bio-control agent was used to control the diseases. In the pathogenicity test, R-1 isolate of R. solani and S-1 isolate of S. rolfsii was found to be the most virulent against carrot seedlings and harvested carrots. T. harzianum isolate Pb-7 was appeared to be the most effective antagonist in the preliminary screening against both the selected pathogens. The field experiment was laid out following a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. In pathogen inoculated fields, 200g and 400g wheat grain colonized Trichoderma fortified compost, composted poultry refuges were mixed in the soil as per treatment before sowing carrot seeds. Pre-and post-emergence seedling mortality, the incidence of Rhizoctonia crown rot and canker, and southern blight of carrot reduced significantly in treatments where soil was amended by wheat grain colonized Trichoderma fortified compost. On the contrary, pre-and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence of Rhizoctonia crown rot and canker and southern blight of carrot was highest in pathogen inoculated fields. Trichoderma fortified compost enhanced germination percentage, growthpromoting factors, yield and yield contributing components. The concentration of 400g wheat grain colonized Trichoderma fortified compost can be a suitable alternative to chemical fungicides used against these two devastating diseases of carrot.
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