Effect of purified gambir leaves extract to prevent atherosclerosis in rats

Yunarto, Nanang; Aini, Nurul

doi:10.22435/hsji.v6i2.4768.105-110

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The catechin content which is more than 90% met the requirement of IHP. These result was consistent with Yunarto et al that fractionation process can improve the purity and levels of catechin [14].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction From Uncaria Gambir Leaves Through the Inhibition of Edema, COX-2 and iNOS Expression

Yunarto¹,

Intan²,

Kurniatri³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019)

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Inflammatory is a body defense mechanism due to respond of tissue on undermine influences, either local or the one that go into the body. Inflammatory can cause various physical dysfunctions. Uncaria gambir Roxb, a high catechin content in ethyl acetate fraction, is widely used as wound healing in Indonesian culture, therefore its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action is still unknown. The objective of our study is to investigated the activity of anti-inflammatory ethyl acetate fraction of Uncaria gambir leaves inhibition of edema, COX-2 and iNOS expression using induction method with carrageenan in rats. This study is experimental research which use 25 white Wistar strain rats as animals assay that divided into 5 groups: negative group (water), positive group (sodium diclofenac 50 mg/kg bw), dose I (5 mg/kg bw fraction), II (10 mg/kg bw fraction) and III (20 mg/kg bw fraction) groups. Each of them were given orally 30 min before carrageenan 3% induced. The paw volume was measured every day for seven day after injection carrageenan using plethysmometer. Inhibition COX-2 and iNOS expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of Uncaria gambir leaves in all doses had anti-inflammatory effect on white rats through the mechanism of inflammatory inhibition by reducing edema volume. All three fraction doses can also reduce COX-2 and iNOS expression. The fraction had the highest anti-inflammatory potency by the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The conclusion that ethyl acetate of three doses had anti-inflammatory activities through a mechanism of edema volume reduction, COX-2 and iNOS expression.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction From Uncaria Gambir Leaves Through the Inhibition of Edema, COX-2 and iNOS Expression

Yunarto¹,

Intan²,

Kurniatri³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019)

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“…The strength of antioxidant activity can be classified into very active, if it had IC50<10 µg/mL, active with IC50 10-100 µg/mL, and inactive if IC50>100 µg/mL. 16 The antioxidant activity of suruhan leaves extract is included in active group, but it is still under vitamin C as positive control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 % Inhibition = (A-B)/ A x 100 % ….. (1) Annotation : A = hematin concentration of negative control B = hematin concentration of sample assay The antioxidant activity was examined using radical scavenging method using DPPH radical. 16,17 0.1 mM solution of DPPH in methanol was prepared and 1 ml of this solution was added to 3 ml of various concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 µg/mL) of sample dissolved in methanol to be tested, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a reference standard of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/mL. The difference in serial concentration between sample and vitamin C, because activity of vitamin C with a small concentration can be measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Peperomia pellucida (L) Kunth as Antimalarial and Antioxidant

Yunarto

Rossyid

Lienggonegoro

2018

mpk

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In malaria infection, the Plasmodium parasites break down hemoglobin in the host's red blood cells into toxic free heme and amino acids. Plasmodium is also capable of converting free heme to non-toxic hemozoin through a polymerization process. Malaria infection, on the other hand, also triggers the formation of free radicals that affect the pathophysiology of malaria. Suruhan leaf (Peperomia pellucida (L.)Kunth) has long been used as an antimalarial and is known to contain large flavonoids that function as antioxidants. In this study, leaf extraction, inhibitory activity of heme polymerization assay, and antioxidant activity assay were performed. Organoleptically, leaf extract obtained in the form of dry blackish green coloured extractswith a bitter taste and the typical scent of suruhan leaves. The yield of the extract obtained was 18.28%, water content was 7.73%, drying shrinkage was 9.16%, and total ash content was 0.46%. The IC50 value of inhibition activity of heme polymerization of ethanol extract of the Suruhan leaves was 0.93 mg / mL, smaller compared to chloroquine(1.48 mg / mL)while the value of IC50. antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of leaf syrup was 32.94 mg / mL compared to Vitamin C of 4 mg/mL. In conclusion,ethanolic leaves extract of suruhan has inhibitory activity of heme polymerization and antioxidant activity so that it has potentiality as antimalarial drugs

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“…Gambier can be used in various industries such as cosmetics, 2 of 17 medicine, beverages, and paint [4][5][6][7]. Leaves are the parts of the gambier plant that are taken to be processed [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Grading Method for Gambier Leaves Based on Combination of Area, Perimeter, and Image Intensity Using Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network

et al. 2019

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Gambier leaves are widely used in cosmetics, beverages, and medicine. Tarantang village in West Sumatera, Indonesia, is famous for its gambier commodity. Farmers usually classify gambier leaves by area and color. They inherit this ability through generations. This research creates a tool to imitate the skill of the farmers to classify gambier leaves. The tool is a box covered from outside light. Two LEDs are attached inside the box to get maintain light intensity. A camera is used to capture the leaf image and a raspberry Pi processes the leaf features. A mini monitor is provided to operate the system. Six hundred and twenty-five gambier leaves were classified into five grades. Leaves categorized into grades 1, 2, and 3 are forbidden to be picked. Grade 4 leaves are allowed to be picked and those in grade 5 are the recommended ones for picking. Leaf features are area, perimeter, and intensity of leaf image. Three artificial neural networks are developed based on each feature. One thousand leaf images were used for training and 500 leaf images were used for testing. The accuracies of the features are about 93%, 96% and 97% for area, perimeter and intensity, respectively. A combination of rules are introduced into the system based on the feature accuracy. Those rules can give 100% accuracy compared to the farmer’s recommendation. A real time application to classify the leaves could provide classification with the same decision result as the classifying performed by the farmers.

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Effect of purified gambir leaves extract to prevent atherosclerosis in rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction From Uncaria Gambir Leaves Through the Inhibition of Edema, COX-2 and iNOS Expression

Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction From Uncaria Gambir Leaves Through the Inhibition of Edema, COX-2 and iNOS Expression

Effect of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Peperomia pellucida (L) Kunth as Antimalarial and Antioxidant

Implementation of Grading Method for Gambier Leaves Based on Combination of Area, Perimeter, and Image Intensity Using Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network

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