Effect of prolonged convulsions on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

Lending, Miriam; Slobody, Lawrence B.; Mestern, Joan

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.197.2.465

Cited by 38 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, our attempts to measure whole brain Mg2+ in this experiment were technically unsuccessful. Despite previous reports of seizure-induced BBB breakdown (Bauer and Leonhardt, 1956; Lending et al, 1959), we did not observe this effect in our animals. Unilateral BBB disruption was demonstrated after intracarotid mannitol infusion in all animals in group 5.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Status Epilepticus

1991

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The use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as an anticonvulsant is controversial. Status epilepticus was induced in 0.5% halothane-anesthetized Wistar rats with a threshold (90 mg/kg) or suprathreshold (200 mg/kg) dose of intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) under stereotactic hippocampal depth electrode monitoring. Fifteen minutes after seizure induction, the maximum hemodynamically tolerated dose of MgSO4 (10 mg/kg/min in 22 min) was administered i.v. MgSO4 was ineffective in altering seizure discharge. A subgroup of nine animals received hypertonic mannitol before MgSO4 to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to facilitate Mg2+ CNS penetration. Again MgSO4 was ineffective in attenuating epileptic activity. These results support the contention that MgSO4 is not an effective treatment for status epilepticus. We hypothesize that because Mg2+ blocks Ca2+ influx into the neuron through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-operated calcium channel in a voltage-dependent manner it would be ineffective in neurons that are continuously depolarizing as in status epilepticus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Status Epilepticus

1991

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“…Bjerner et al (1944) and Bauer & Leonhardt (1956) could demonstrate penetration of dyes into the brain of rabbits after electrically or chemically induced convulsions. However, Lending et al (1959) in a study of the penetration of IS1Ialbumin could show that an increased penetration to the CSF became apparent only after long-lasting seizures and the rats of group D had seizures lasting only a few seconds. Thus seizures might to some extent have increased penetration into the CNS of benzylpenicillin in group D but can not explain the differences between group D and group E since seizures were seen in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interaction between Benzylpenicillin and Thiopental in the Central Nervous System of the Male Rat

Schliamser

Karlsson

Larsson

et al. 1989

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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The effect of benzylpenicillin (BPC) pretreatment on the kinetics and brain sensitivity for thiopental was studied in male rats using a previously developed electroencephalgrafic (EEG) threshold method. Thiopental was infused intravenously with constant infusion rate. The rats were killed by decapitation immediately after the first burst suppression of 1 sec. or more (the silent second) which was observed in the EEG-record during the infusion. Thiopental concentration in serum and in different brain regions was determined by a high pressure liquid chromatografic method. After pretreatment with 0.9 g/kg of BPC the dose of thiopental needed to induce the silent second was significantly reduced (-20 per cent) when compared with saline treated controls. The serum concentration was also reduced (-30 per cent) after this BPC pretreatment but the concentrations in the different brain regions were the same in both groups. After pretreatment with 1.2 g/kg of BPC almost all animals had convulsions, the dose needed to obtain the silent second was very much reduced and there were reduced concentrations of thiopental in the different brain regions. After both doses of BPC high negative correlations were found between BPC concentrations in brain tissue and thiopental concentrations in hippocampus and brainstem indicating an interaction between the drugs. The most probable site of this interaction is the organic acid transport system out of the CNS which could be used by both substances. Lipid solubility is not the only factor involved in the distribution of thiopental in the rat brain.

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“…In previous studies in our laboratory, utilizing the transfer o f radioactive iodinated human serum albumin (RIHSA) from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid in puppies, we showed that increased permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier can be produced in puppies under 12 weeks of age subjected to hypoxia, hypercapnia or prolonged seizures. These findings were not reproducible in adult dogs (Lending et al 1959(Lending et al , 1961. They suggested to us that functional immaturity and alterations in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier may be important factors and, in association with hyperbilirubinemia, may play a role in the production of bilirubin encephalopathy .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Since acidosis is associated with decreased binding of bilirubin to albumin (Odell 1959 a, b, Odell andCohen 1960), increased permeability of the bloodcerebrospinal fluid barrier (Lending et al 1959(Lending et al , 1961, and possibly even increased cell membrane permeability, acidosis would appear to be a significant factor in the production of kernicterus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Hypercapnia to the Production of Kernicterus

Lending

Slobody

Mestern

1967

Develop Med Child Neuro

Self Cite

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SUMMARY Previous work had established that increased permeability of the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier can be induced in puppies by hypercapnia, hypoxia and/or convulsions. When hyperbilirubinemia was induced in young puppies in association withhypercapnia, gross évidence of kernicterus–namely, focal staining of the nuclear masses and brain‐stem –was seen in those under nine weeks of age. This was not observed in olderpuppies similarly treated. Hyperbilirubinemia alone did not produce these changes. It is suggested that hypercapnia, which is accompanied by respiratory acidosis, alters the permeability of the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier in young puppies. When associated with hyperbilirubinemia, it is an important factor in the production of kernicterus. RÉSUMÉ Les rapports entre I'hypercapnie et la production d'ictère nucléaire Des travaux antérieurs ont établi qu'une perméabilite accrue de la barrière sang‐liquide céphalorachidien peut être induite chez les jeunes chiots par hypercapnie, hypoxie et/ou convulsions. Lorsque l'hyperbilirubinémie était induite chez les jeunes chiots en association avec I'hypercapnie, une évidence massive d'ictère nucléaire, à savoir: coloration focale des masses nucléaires et du tronc cérébral, était observée chez ceux âgés de moins de 9 semaines. Ceci n'était pas observe chez les chiots plus ages traites de meme facon. L'hyperbilirubinémie seule ne produisait pas ces changements. On suggère que I'hypercapnie, qui est accompagnée d'acidose respiratoire, altère la perméabilité de la barrière sang‐liquide céphalorachidien chez les jeunes chiots. Lors‐qu'elle est associée à l'hyperbilirubinémie c'est un facteur important de la production d'ictère nucléaire. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Verhältnis von Hyperkapnie zur Produktion von Kemikterus Frühere Forschung hatte erwiesen, dass zunehmende Permeabilität in der blut‐zerebro‐spinalen Flüssigkeitsschranke in jungen Hunden durch Hyperkapnie, Hypoxie und/oder Krämpfe hervorgerufen werden kann. Wenn Hyperbilirubinmämie in Verbindung mit Hyperkapnie in den Welpen induziert wurde, konnten Befunde von Kemikterus, im besonderen fokale Färbung der nuklearen Masse und des Gehirnstammes bei den unter 9 Wochen Alten festgestellt werden. Dies konnte bei älteren, ähnlich behandelten Welpen nicht festgestellt werden. Hyperbilirubina‐mie allein, produzierte diese Veränderung nicht. Es wird angenommen, dass Hyperkapnie die zusammen mit Atmungs‐Axidose auftritt, die Permeabilität der blut‐zerebrospinalen Flüssigkeitsschranke bei jungen Hunden verändert. Wenn sie im Zusammenhang mit Hyperbilirubinämie auftritt, stellt sie einen wichtigen Faktor in der Produzierung von Kemikterus dar. RESUMEN La relacion de la hipercapnia a la producción de la quernictericia Trabajos anteriores habían mostrado que es posible inducir una permeabilidad aumentada de la barrera del flúido sangrecerebroespinal en perrillos j6venes por medio de hipercapnia, hipoxia, y/o convulsiones. Cuando se indujo la hiperbilirrubinemia asociada con la hipercapnia en perrillos jóvenes, se vie...

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Effect of prolonged convulsions on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Status Epilepticus

Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Status Epilepticus

Interaction between Benzylpenicillin and Thiopental in the Central Nervous System of the Male Rat

The Relationship of Hypercapnia to the Production of Kernicterus

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