Effect of probiotics on preventing disruption of the intestinal microflora following antibiotic therapy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Madden, Jennifer A. J.; Plummer, Susan; Tang, James; Garaiová, Iveta; Plummer, Nigel T; Herbison, Mary; Hunter, John; Shimada, Takashi; Cheng, Lei; Shirakawa, Taro

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.006

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…It has been observed for other infectious diseases that a shift from health to disease is associated not only with an increase in levels of pathogenic species but also with a decrease in levels of protective species. Studies on microbial stability in the gastrointestinal tract have shown that adequate colonization of the intestine with health-compatible bacteria has been shown to decrease susceptibility to infection with pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella (14). When large numbers of resident bacteria saturate an ecological niche, they create resistance to colonization by exogenous pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Periodontal Health Status Are Associated with Bacterial Community Shifts as Assessed by Quantitative 16S Cloning and Sequencing

Kumar

Leys²,

Bryk³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

274

237

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The gingival sulcus contains a complex ecosystem that includes many uncultivated bacteria. Understanding the dynamics of this ecosystem in transitions between health and disease is important in advancing our understanding of the bacterial etiology of periodontitis. The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the stability of bacterial colonization in the gingival crevice and to explore the relationship between shifts in microbial composition and changes in periodontal health status using a comprehensive, quantitative, cultureindependent approach. Subgingival plaque samples and periodontal data were collected from 24 subjects over 2 years. Baseline and 2-year plaque samples were analyzed using quantitative ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing. Ten subjects remained periodontally healthy over 2 years, the periodontal health of seven subjects worsened, and seven subjects showed clinical improvement. Bacterial stability was greatest among healthy, clinically stable subjects and lowest for subjects whose periodontal status worsened (P ‫؍‬ 0.01). Higher numbers of species lost or gained were also observed for subjects whose clinical status changed (P ‫؍‬ 0.009). This provides evidence that a change in periodontal status is accompanied by shifts within the bacterial community. Based on these data, measures of microbial stability may be useful in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Regarding individual species, increases in levels of the uncultivated phylotype Veillonella sp. oral clone X042, a gram-negative bacterium and the most common member of the subgingival bacterial community, were associated with periodontal health (P ‫؍‬ 0.04), suggesting that this is an important beneficial species. Filifactor alocis, a gram-positive anaerobe, was found at higher levels in subjects with disease (P ‫؍‬ 0.01).The gingival sulcus contains a complex ecosystem formed by resident and transient bacteria, and the critical role of bacteria in the etiology of chronic periodontitis is well established. The etiology is widely thought to be polymicrobial (16), but the role of individual species and their complex interactions with the host is not well understood. The earliest studies were conducted using open-ended cultivation methods. These were followed by a generation of studies employing molecular detection methods such as hybridization assays and PCR to target bacteria identified by cultivation. These less cumbersome methods allowed much larger scale studies to be carried out. The most recent advance has been cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. This approach has once again allowed an open-ended exploration of bacterial populations and has revealed the presence of many uncultivated species (18).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1,23). These studies have contributed to the clinical management of gastrointestinal infections using probiotics or microbial replacement therapy (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Periodontal Health Status Are Associated with Bacterial Community Shifts as Assessed by Quantitative 16S Cloning and Sequencing

Kumar

Leys²,

Bryk³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

274

237

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show abstract

“…The detection of such beneficial species may be as important as detection of periodontal pathogens, and it has been suggested that recolonization of periodontal pockets with beneficial bacteria following scaling and root planing may be a useful clinical strategy (31). This approach has been studied in the gastrointestinal tract by use of probiotics or microbial replacement therapy (17) and deserves further investigation in the treatment of periodontitis.…”

Section: Vol 47 2009 Diagnostic Markers For Periodontitis 1709mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Putative Periodontal Pathogens Reliable Diagnostic Markers?

et al. 2009

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Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. A number of putative bacterial pathogens have been associated with the disease and are used as diagnostic markers. In the present study, we compared the prevalence of oral bacterial species in the subgingival biofilm of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) (n ‫؍‬ 44) and chronic periodontitis (CP) (n ‫؍‬ 46) patients with that of a periodontitis-resistant control group (PR) (n ‫؍‬ 21). The control group consisted of subjects at least 65 years of age with only minimal or no periodontitis and no history of periodontal treatment. A total of 555 samples from 111 subjects were included in this study. The samples were analyzed by PCR of 16S rRNA gene fragments and subsequent dot blot hybridization using oligonucleotide probes specific for Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, a Treponema denticola-like phylogroup (Treponema phylogroup II), Treponema lecithinolyticum, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium spp., and Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as Capnocytophaga ochracea. Our data confirm a high prevalence of the putative periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia in the periodontitis groups. However, these species were also frequently detected in the PR group. For most of the species tested, the prevalence was more associated with increased probing depth than with the subject group. T. lecithinolyticum was the only periodontopathogenic species showing significant differences both between GAP and CP patients and between GAP patients and PR subjects. C. ochracea was associated with the PR subjects, regardless of the probing depth. These results indicate that T. lecithinolyticum may be a diagnostic marker for GAP and C. ochracea for periodontal health. They also suggest that current presumptions of the association of specific bacteria with periodontal health and disease require further evaluation.

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“…Until now, only two clinical studies have investigated the effects of probiotics on microbiota disturbances following anti-Helicobacter triple therapy [10,11]. In a clinical pilot study, Madden et al [10] found that the anaerobic component of the microbiota was most prone to the effects of treatment and that probiotic supplementation accelerated reestablishment of the microbial populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a clinical pilot study, Madden et al [10] found that the anaerobic component of the microbiota was most prone to the effects of treatment and that probiotic supplementation accelerated reestablishment of the microbial populations. Previous studies investigating other anti-H. pylori regimens have revealed that the microbiota is significantly altered during eradication treatment, most notably a substantial decrease in the numbers of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment and probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota

Myllyluoma

Ahlroos

Veijola

et al. 2007

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Effect of probiotics on preventing disruption of the intestinal microflora following antibiotic therapy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in Periodontal Health Status Are Associated with Bacterial Community Shifts as Assessed by Quantitative 16S Cloning and Sequencing

Changes in Periodontal Health Status Are Associated with Bacterial Community Shifts as Assessed by Quantitative 16S Cloning and Sequencing

Are Putative Periodontal Pathogens Reliable Diagnostic Markers?

Effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment and probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota

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